Study on detection characteristics of HIV-1 ssDNA by 2D-C3N4/BiVO4 heterojunction photoelectrochemical biosensor

In this paper, a two-dimensional carbon nitride (2D-C3N4)/bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) heterojunction composite photoelectrode was prepared. The 2D-C3N4/BiVO4 heterojunction can effectively promote the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the π-electron cloud in the conjugated skeleton of 2D-C3N4 is utilized to effectively immobilize the HIV-1 ssDNA aptamer. It was found that the aptamer/2D-C3N4/BiVO4 photoelectrochemical sensor achieved ultrasensitive detection of HIV-1 ssDNA, with a linear detection range of 1×10-15 to 1×10-9 M. Additionally, the HIV-1 ssDNA aptamer showed obvious selectivity for HIV-1 ssDNA. Therefore, the Aptamer/2D-C3N4/BiVO4 photoelectrochemical sensor has high application potential in the early detection, treatment and prognosis of HIV disease.