Effects of reaction conditions in microwave synthesis of nanocrystalline barium titanate

Abstract The effect of synthesis parameters such as H 2 O/Ti, Ba/Ti and OH − /Ti ratios and heating methods (microwave irradiation and hydrothermal heating) on the synthesis of BaTiO 3 crystals has been investigated to prepare nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 crystals. The nanocrystals (less than 30 nm) were synthesized with microwave irradiation of reaction mixture prepared from conventional chloride precursors. The crystal size decreased with an increase of hydroxide and barium concentrations, whereas the size decreased with a decrease of the water concentration. Synthesis of BaTiO 3 with the microwave provided advantages of fast crystallization and decreased crystal size.