An overview of nanocellulose filtration membranes for industrial wastewater treatment

Nanocellulose (NC) and its derivatives have garnered interest in recent years as viable bio-based materials for water treatment applications because of their high strength, high surface area, and biocompatible, renewable nature. The –OH functional groups on the surfaces of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils allow for a variety of surface modifications, resulting in useful nanocomposites with adaptable characteristics. A variety of factors, such as synthesis techniques, surface alterations, hydrophilic and hydrophobic qualities, pore size, and lasting qualities, influence the commercial application of NC composite-based materials in industrial wastewater treatment processes. Recent developments in the production of novel adsorbents or membranes have promoted the use of cleaner industrial wastewater treatment systems based on NC. Using a variety of NC composites as basis materials, this paper attempts to provide an overview of the significant advancements made thus far in the creation of composite materials for the treatment of industrial wastewater. The unique properties of industrial wastewater treatment materials based on NC, their production methods, and how well they remove impurities such as bacteria, heavy metals, pigments, and oils from water are also discussed in this paper.