Fabrication of calcium phosphate bioceramics by using eggshell and phosphoric acid

Abstract Pure and highly sinterable hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics were successfully fabricated by using recycled eggshell and phosphoric acid. The observed phases on the powder synthesis process were dependent on the mixing ratio (wt.%) of the calcined eggshell and phosphoric acid, and the calcination temperature. The HAp and β-TCP were stably synthesized in the 1:1.1–1:1.2 and 1:1.3–1:1.5 mixing ratios, respectively. Ball-milled β-TCP powder showed fine particles and was fully densified (having β-phase) by sintering at 1200 °C for 2 h. The crystalline development and microstructures of the synthesized powders and densified β-TCP were examined by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.