Intermediate energy proton irradiation: Rapid, high-fidelity materials testing for fusion and fission energy systems

Fusion and advanced fission power plants require advanced nuclear materials to function under new, extreme environments. Understanding the evolution of mechanical and functional properties during radiation damage is essential to the design and commercial deployment of these systems. The shortcomings of existing methods could be addressed by a new technique - intermediate energy proton irradiation (IEPI) - using beams of 10–30 MeV protons to rapidly and uniformly damage bulk material specimens before direct testing of engineering properties. IEPI is shown to achieve high fidelity to fusion and fission environments in both primary damage production and transmutation, often superior to nuclear reactor or typical (low-range) ion irradiation. Modeling demonstrates that high dose rates (0.1–1 DPA/per day) can be achieved in bulk material specimens (100–300 μm) with low temperature gradients and induced radioactivity. The capabilities of IEPI are demonstrated through a 12 MeV proton irradiation and tensile test of 250 μm thick tensile specimens of a nickel alloy (Alloy 718), reproducing neutron-induced data. These results demonstrate that IEPI enables high throughput assessment of materials under reactor-relevant conditions, positioning IEPI to accelerate the pace of engineering-scale radiation damage testing and allow for quicker and more effective design of nuclear energy systems.