A thermally activated VO2-based attenuator with SRR structure
Source abstract
Abstract
To meet the requirement of blocking unwanted or interfering signals in modern communication systems, wideband phased-array antenna systems, and 5G mobile communications, we proposed a radio frequency (RF) attenuator based on a split ring resonator (SRR) that used a phase change material (PCM) vanadium dioxide (VO2). The SRR was transformed into a thermally activated attenuator by depositing a 120 nm VO2 thin film between the two gold rings of an SRR. We achieved an obvious attenuation (about 18 dB) at 3.55 GHz when the temperature increased from room temperature to 100 °C due to the dielectric constant drop and wide resistance variation of VO2 thin film during the phase change process. At the same time, we observed a hysteresis property on the S parameters due to the resistance hysteresis of VO2 during the heating and cooling process both in the theoretical and experimental results. Finally, considering the resistance of the VO2 thin film between two gold rings, we proposed a modified lumped RLC circuit model for the VO2-based RF attenuator.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials · Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications · Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Stretchable and dynamically tunable attenuator based on graphene10.1109/TMTT.2022.3164708 ↗
2. 3-D printed waveguide attenuators operating at ka-band (26.5-40 GHz)10.1002/mop.32669 ↗
3. RF-MEMS for 5G applications: a reconfigurable 8-bit power attenuator working up to 110 GHz. Part 2—Experimental characterisation of the RF behaviour10.1007/s00542-019-04604-y ↗
4. Wafer-scale freestanding vanadium dioxide film10.1126/sciadv.abk3438 ↗
5. Phase management in single-crystalline vanadium dioxide beams10.1038/s41467-021-24527-5 ↗
6. Broadband half mode substrate integrated waveguide attenuator in 7.29–14.90 GHz, IEEE Microw10.1109/LMWC.2015.2451392 ↗
7. A 5-bit lumped 0.18-μm CMOS step attenuator with low insertion loss and low phase distortion in 3–22 GHz applications10.1016/j.mejo.2014.02.013 ↗
8. Analysis and design of RF CMOS attenuators10.1109/JSSC.2008.2004325 ↗
9. Dynamically tunable substrate-integrated-waveguide attenuator using graphene10.1109/TMTT.2018.2809577 ↗
10. A. Zhang, Z. Liu, W. Lu, H. Chen, Graphene-based dynamically tunable attenuator on a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, Appl. Phys. Lett., 112 (2018) 161903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021745.10.1063/1.5021745 ↗
11. Graphene-based dynamically tunable attenuator on spoof surface plasmon polaritons waveguide10.1109/LMWC.2019.2913964 ↗
12. RF-MEMS technology for 5G: series and shunt attenuator modules demonstrated up to 110 GHz10.1109/LED.2016.2604426 ↗
13. X. Guo, Z. Gong, Q. Zhong, X. Liang, Z. Liu, A miniaturized reconfigurable broadband attenuator based on RF MEMS switches, J. Micromech. Microeng., 26 (2016) 074002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/26/7/074002.10.1088/0960-1317/26/7/074002 ↗
14. J. Sun, J. Zhu, L. Jiang, Y. Yu, Z. Li, A broadband DC to 20 GHz 3-bit MEMS digital attenuator, J. Micromech. Microeng., 26 (2016) 055005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/26/5/055005.10.1088/0960-1317/26/5/055005 ↗
15. A 10–50-GHz CMOS distributed step attenuator with low loss and low phase imbalance10.1109/JSSC.2007.907205 ↗
16. Analysis and design of CMOS amplitude modulator with digitally controlled variable attenuator10.1109/TMTT.2010.2097602 ↗
17. A new compact CMOS distributed digital attenuator10.1109/TMTT.2020.3017820 ↗
18. High power digitally-controlled SOI CMOS attenuator with wide attenuation range10.1109/LMWC.2011.2160160 ↗
19. Highly linear RF CMOS variable attenuators with adaptive body biasing10.1109/JSSC.2011.2117530 ↗
20. Broadband microwave attenuator based on few layer graphene flakes10.1109/TMTT.2015.2441062 ↗
21. Dynamically tunable attenuator on a graphene-based microstrip line10.1109/TMTT.2018.2885761 ↗
22. Enhanced tunable microstrip attenuator based on few layer graphene flakes10.1109/LMWC.2017.2679042 ↗
23. Interface stress for bidirectional frequency tuning of prebuckled vanadium dioxide MEMS resonators10.1002/admi.201900887 ↗
24. Direct production of thermochromic VO2 thin film coatings by pulsed laser ablation10.1016/S0925-3467(99)00104-4 ↗
25. Functional nanostructured oxides10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.12.023 ↗
26. Intense pulsed light sintering of vanadium dioxide nanoparticle films and their optical properties for thermochromic smart window10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107838 ↗
27. Recent advances in fabrication strategies, phase transition modulation, and advanced applications of vanadium dioxide10.1063/1.5087864 ↗
28. Microwave power limiting devices based on the semiconductor–metal transition in vanadium–dioxide thin films10.1109/TMTT.2010.2057172 ↗
29. Actuation dependency of frequency tuning in MEMS resonators10.1109/JMEMS.2020.2975077 ↗
30. M. Fayyaz Kashif, T. Stomeo, M. Antonietta Vincenti, M. De Vittorio, M. Scalora, A. D'Orazio, D. de Ceglia, M. Grande, Design of vanadium-dioxide-based resonant structures for tunable optical response, Opt. Lett., 47 (2022) 2286-2289. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.455457.10.1364/OL.455457 ↗
31. Surface plasmon resonance tunability in Au−VO2 thermochromic nano-composites10.1007/BF03215243 ↗
32. Y. Cao, D. Torres, T. Wang, X. Tan, N. Sepúlveda, Enabling tunable micromechanical bandpass filters through phase-change materials, Smart Mater. Struct., 26 (2017) 085032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa7545.10.1088/1361-665X/aa7545 ↗
33. Tunable dual-band terahertz metamaterial bandpass filters10.1364/OL.38.002382 ↗
34. Switchable induced-transmission filters enabled by vanadium dioxide10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02296 ↗
35. VO2 nanostructures based chemiresistors for low power energy consumption hydrogen sensing10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.037 ↗
36. Multi-functional thermal-mechanical anisotropic metasurface with shape memory alloy actuators10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110569 ↗
37. Optical switching and nanothermochromic studies of VO2(M) nanoparticles prepared by mild thermolysis method10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108396 ↗
38. Optical properties of periodic micropatterned VO2 thermochromic films prepared by thermal and intense pulsed light sintering10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107970 ↗
39. Thermochromic VO2 thin films synthesized by rf-inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.12.021 ↗
40. Thermal induced tunability of surface plasmon resonance in Au–VO2 nano-photonics10.1016/j.optcom.2004.08.056 ↗
41. Thermochromic nanocrystalline Au–VO2 composite thin films prepared by radiofrequency inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.tsf.2009.11.074 ↗
42. Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena10.1109/22.798002 ↗
43. Modifications in the phase transition properties of predeposited VO2 films10.1116/1.572462 ↗
44. A vacuum apparatus for measuring thermal expansion at elevated temperatures, with measurements on platinum, gold, magnesium and zinc10.1063/1.1745131 ↗
45. Improved circuit model for left-handed lines loaded with split ring resonators10.1063/1.2839600 ↗
46. Split ring resonator-based left-handed coplanar waveguide10.1063/1.1631392 ↗
47. Comparative analysis of edge- and broadside-coupled split ring resonators for metamaterial design - theory and experiments10.1109/TAP.2003.817562 ↗
48. Versatile CAD formulation for estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic polarizability of circular split ring resonators10.1002/mmce.20533 ↗
49. Marqués · 2011
50. Bahl · 2003
51. Thermally driven sign switch of static dielectric constant of VO2 thin film10.1016/j.optmat.2016.02.032 ↗
52. Heating of a trapped ion induced by dielectric materials10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.230505 ↗
53. Tunable broadband terahertz absorber based on graphene metamaterials and VO210.1016/j.optmat.2021.110915 ↗
54. S-band reflection type variable attenuator10.1109/LMWC.2002.801131 ↗
55. Electrically triggered tunable terahertz band-pass filter based on VO2 hybrid metamaterial
56. Ring-hybrid microwave voltage-variable attenuator using HFET transistors10.1109/TMTT.2005.850400 ↗
57. Optimization of a photonically controlled microwave switch and attenuator10.1109/TMTT.2010.2065350 ↗