Naringin-Loaded mineralized Tussah silk nanofiber scaffolds with radial porosity for enhanced bone regeneration

• Developed a novel 3D mineralized tussah silk nanofiber scaffold with radially aligned architecture. • Integrated naringin-loaded silk fibroin hydrogel into the scaffold’s central region for localized delivery. • This scaffold demonstrated enhanced cellular activity and significantly improved bone regeneration efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Bone tissue exhibits complex mineralized composition and hierarchical organization, posing significant challenges for defect repair. Herein, we developed a novel radially oriented mineralized Tussah silk nanofiber (RO-MTSn) scaffold loaded with naringin (Nar) for bone defect repair. The RO-MTSn scaffold was fabricated through a combination of physical shearing, biomimetic mineralization, and directional freezing. Nar was encapsulated within silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel and precisely localized in the scaffold’s central region for sustained release over 20 days. In vitro evaluations demonstrated that the RO-MTSn@Nar scaffold promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, and facilitate osteogenic differentiation. In vivo , the composite scaffold significantly improved calvarial defect regeneration based on micro-CT and histological analysis. This study developed a biomimetic scaffold material featuring multicomponent composition, hierarchical structure, and multifunctional properties for bone tissue regeneration.