Ageing response and microstructural evolution of biodegradable Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag alloy
Source abstract
Abstract
• As-extruded Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag alloy shows weak hardening responses during isothermal ageing. • Precipitates formed through discontinuous precipitation and continuous precipitation are determined to be ε -(Ag, Cu)Zn 4 . • Influence of ageing temperature on the competition between discontinuous precipitation and continuous precipitation is investigated • Ageing at 150 ℃ for 48 h effectively improves the mechanical properties stability by fully releasing the supersaturated solutes. In this study, the age-hardening response and microstructural evolution of an as-extruded biodegradable Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag (wt.%) alloy during ageing at 25 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ are studied. The age-hardening response is generally weak, and the largest hardness increment is observed after ageing at 150 ℃ for 24 h. Discontinuous precipitation (DP) and continuous precipitation (CP) occur competitively during ageing at 150 ℃ or 200 ℃, while only DP is observed during ageing at 25 ℃ or 100 ℃. All the precipitates formed through DP and CP are identified as ε -(Ag, Cu)Zn 4 that has a hexagonal structure. Analysis of possible strengthening mechanisms shows that grain boundary strengthening and precipitation hardening contribute to the major part of yield strength in the as-extruded condition. Ageing treatments generate a limited increment in yield strength due to the small difference between the hardness of ε -(Ag, Cu)Zn 4 and the Zn matrix and the reduced solid solution strengthening effect. Artificial ageing at 150 ℃ for 48 h effectively improves the stability of the mechanical properties of the as-extruded Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag alloy. This process fully depletes the excessive solutes in the supersaturated Zn matrix, ensuring that the alloy maintains consistent mechanical properties when stored at room temperature.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (67)
Show source-provided references
1. Zinc exhibits ideal physiological corrosion behavior for bioabsorbable stents10.1002/adma.201300226 ↗
2. Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives
3. A critical review of biodegradable zinc alloys toward clinical applications10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00210 ↗
4. R. Werkhoven, W. Sillekens, J. Van Lieshout, Processing aspects of magnesium alloy stent tube, in: W.H. Sillekens, S.R. Agnew, N.R. Neelameggham, S.N. Mathaudhu (Eds.), Magnesium technology 2011, Springer2011, pp. 419-424.10.1002/9781118062029.ch79 ↗
5. Recent progress of novel biodegradable zinc alloys: from the perspective of strengthening and toughening10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.004 ↗
6. Methods for improving the properties of zinc for the application of biodegradable vascular stents10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213693 ↗
7. Hierarchical microstructure and two-stage corrosion behavior of a high-performance near-eutectic Zn-Li alloy10.1016/j.jmst.2020.10.076 ↗
8. Ultrahigh strength and uniform corrosion in Zn-Li alloys through ultrahigh pressure supersaturated solid solution treatment for biodegradable orthopedic applications10.1007/s12598-024-02753-2 ↗
9. Multiscale architecture design of 3D printed biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds for immunomodulatory osteogenesis10.1038/s41467-024-47189-5 ↗
10. Effective strengthening and toughening in Zn–1Mg alloy with bimodal grain structure achieved by conventional extrusion10.1016/j.msea.2022.143850 ↗
11. Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Zn-0.2Mg-Mn (wt%) alloys10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112400 ↗
12. Microalloyed Zn-Mn alloys: from extremely brittle to extraordinarily ductile at room temperature10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.049 ↗
13. 300 MPa grade biodegradable high-strength ductile low-alloy (BHSDLA) Zn-Mn-Mg alloys: an in vitro study10.1016/j.jmst.2022.08.015 ↗
14. Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn-Cu-Mn alloy micro-tubes and vascular stents: microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.049 ↗
15. Hierarchical structured Zn-Cu-Li alloy with high strength and ductility and its deformation mechanisms10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103731 ↗
16. Toward high strength and large strain hardening Zn alloys via a novel multiscale-heterostructure strategy10.1016/j.msea.2024.146410 ↗
17. Design of novel Zn-Ag-Zr alloy with enhanced strength as a potential biodegradable implant material10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108154 ↗
18. Long-term in vitro corrosion behavior of Zn-3Ag and Zn-3Ag-0.5Mg alloys considered for biodegradable implant applications10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110289 ↗
19. Novel high-strength, low-alloys Zn-Mg (<0.1wt% Mg) and their arterial biodegradation10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.021 ↗
20. The effects of alloying with Cu and Mn and thermal treatments on the mechanical instability of Zn-0.05Mg alloy10.1016/j.msea.2019.138529 ↗
21. Biodegradable Zn-Cu-Mn alloy with suitable mechanical performance and in vitro degradation behavior as a promising candidate for vascular stents10.1016/j.msec.2022.112652 ↗
22. Challenges in the use of zinc and its alloys as biodegradable metals: perspective from biomechanical compatibility10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.038 ↗
23. Research status and future prospects of biodegradable Zn-Mg alloys10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174669 ↗
24. Precipitation and hardening in magnesium alloys10.1007/s11661-012-1217-2 ↗
25. Precipitation of metastable -phase in a hypereutectic zinc-aluminium alloy containing copper10.1016/0956-7151(91)90005-L ↗
26. The neurotoxicity of environmental aluminum is still an issue10.1016/j.neuro.2010.05.009 ↗
27. Characterization of nano precipitate phase in an as-extruded Zn-Cu alloy10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.113907 ↗
28. Abnormal grain growth in a Zn-0.8Ag alloy after processing by high-pressure torsion10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116667 ↗
29. H. Baker, H. Okamoto, ASM Handbook. Vol. 3. Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA, 1992.
30. Biodegradable Zn-1.5Cu-1.5Ag alloy with anti-aging ability and strain hardening behavior for cardiovascular stents10.1016/j.msec.2020.111172 ↗
31. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169 ↗
32. Projector augmented-wave method10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953 ↗
33. Generalized gradient approximation made simple10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
34. Symmetry-general least-squares extraction of elastic data for strained materials fromab initiocalculations of stress10.1103/PhysRevB.65.104104 ↗
35. Relations between elastic constants Cij and texture parameters for hexagonal materials10.1063/1.345479 ↗
36. Modeling hardness of polycrystalline materials and bulk metallic glasses10.1016/j.intermet.2011.03.026 ↗
37. X-ray and Microscopic Investigation in the Four-Component Zn-Mn-Cu-Ag System
38. Significance of mechanical twinning in hexagonal metals at high pressure10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.055 ↗
39. Grain boundary discontinuous precipitation reactions10.1179/imr.1981.26.1.153 ↗
40. Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in a Zn-2.5 at% Cu alloy10.1007/BF00375247 ↗
41. Chapter 20 - Physical Metallurgy of Light Alloys
42. Mechanisms for suppressing discontinuous precipitation and improving mechanical properties of NiAl-strengthened steels through nanoscale Cu partitioning10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116561 ↗
43. Grain-scale in-situ study of discontinuous precipitation in Mg–Al10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119497 ↗
44. Discontinuous and continuous precipitation in magnesium–aluminium type alloys10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.11.008 ↗
45. Modeling competitive continuous and discontinuous precipitation10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.017 ↗
46. Diffusion of copper and gallium in single crystals of zinc10.1103/PhysRev.145.542 ↗
47. Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in a Zn-2 at. % Ag alloy10.1016/0956-716X(93)90233-I ↗
48. Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation and type I discontinuous coarsening in Zn–4 at % Ag alloy10.1023/A:1004525030196 ↗
49. Anisotropic diffusion of silver and indium tracers in zinc single crystals10.1103/PhysRev.124.1828 ↗
50. D. Bergner, W. Lange, Volumen- und Korngrenzendiffusion von Sn und Zn in heterogenen Sn–Zn-Legierungen, physica status solidi (b) 18(1) (1966) 75-84.10.1002/pssb.19660180107 ↗
51. Isotope effect in self-diffusion in zinc10.1103/PhysRev.163.645 ↗
52. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy developed by Spark Plasma Sintering10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.006 ↗
53. Six decades of the Hall–Petch effect – a survey of grain-size strengthening studies on pure metals10.1080/09506608.2016.1191808 ↗
54. The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III discussion of results10.1088/0370-1301/64/9/303 ↗
55. The cleavage strength of polycrystals
56. Solution hardening10.1016/0001-6160(61)90242-5 ↗
57. Multi-component solid solution hardening10.1007/BF00540987 ↗
58. Solute strengthening from first principles and application to aluminum alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.037 ↗
59. Alloying design strategy for biodegradable zinc alloys based on first-principles study of solid solution strengthening10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109676 ↗
60. E. Orowan, Discussion on internal stresses, Symposium on internal stresses in metals and alloys, The Institute of Metals, London, UK, 1948, pp. 451-453.
61. Precipitation hardening10.1007/BF02670416 ↗
62. Effects of precipitate shape and orientation on dispersion strengthening in magnesium alloys10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00497-9 ↗
63. Strengthening of an Al–Cu–Sn alloy by deformation-resistant precipitate plates10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.028 ↗
64. The elastic constants of zinc between 4.2° and 670°K10.1016/0022-3697(58)90180-X ↗
65. Elastic behavior and phase stability in the HCP ε-phase of Ag–Zn alloy10.1143/JPSJ.53.1360 ↗
66. First-principles calculation of elastic properties of Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds for improving the stiffness of aluminum alloys10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109479 ↗
67. Microstructural characterisation of hexagonal (Ag, Cu) Zn4 alloys in the deformed and as-cast state10.1143/JJAP.33.1443 ↗