Applications of laser surface texturing in biomedical field: a review

Laser surface texturing (LST) has become a pivotal technique in biomedical surface engineering, providing unparalleled precision in modifying material surfaces to enhance implant performance. This review integrates recent advancements in femtosecond and ultrafast laser technologies, offering novel insights into how these methods enhance osseointegration, antibacterial properties, and tissue regeneration in biomedical implants. Unlike previous reviews, this paper delves into specific laser parameters and their influence on surface morphology, wettability, and biocompatibility, particularly in orthopaedic and dental applications. A detailed comparison of LST techniques highlights their role in reducing implant failure due to bacterial contamination and inadequate tissue integration. The scalability of LST for clinical and commercial applications is also explored, emphasizing its potential as a transformative tool for improving implant longevity and reducing post-surgical complications. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates challenges and limitations, including scalability issues, standardization concerns, and long-term clinical validation. By synthesizing the latest advancements, this work provides a comprehensive foundation for future developments in laser-assisted biomedical surface engineering, positioning LST as a prominent approach in next-generation biomedical materials and medical device innovation.