Efficient fabrication of 3D bioprinted functional sensory neurons using an inducible Neurogenin-2 human pluripotent stem cell line

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models have gained recognition for their improved ability to mimic the native cell microenvironment compared to traditional two-dimensional models. This progress has been driven by advances in tissue-engineering technologies such as 3D bioprinting, a promising method for fabricating biomimetic living tissues. While bioprinting has succeeded in generating various tissues to date, creating neural tissue models remains challenging. In this context, we present an accelerated approach to fabricate 3D sensory neuron (SN) structures using a transgenic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-line that contains an inducible Neurogenin-2 (NGN2) expression cassette. The NGN2 hPSC line was first differentiated to neural crest cell (NCC) progenitors, then incorporated into a cytocompatible gelatin methacryloyl-based bioink for 3D bioprinting. Upregulated NGN2 expression in the bioprinted NCCs resulted in induced SN (iSN) populations that exhibited specific cell markers, with 3D analysis revealing widespread neurite outgrowth through the scaffold volume. Calcium imaging demonstrated functional activity of iSNs, including membrane excitability properties and voltage-gated sodium channel (Na _V ) activity. This efficient approach to generate 3D bioprinted iSN structures streamlines the development of neural tissue models, useful for the study of neurodevelopment and disease states and offering translational potential.