Sulfurization of Electrode Material: A Promising Window for Supercapacitor Technology

Abstract Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising energy storage technology with attributes like high power and tuneable energy density along with splined cyclic potential. Their performance is heavily driven by the employed electrode materials that still crave high charge storage and rate capabilities as well as virile conductivity. Among numerous applied strategies to patch the corresponding quandary, sulfurization has garnered significant attention as an effective method for improving the electrochemical depiction of electrode materials. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the sulfurization process applied to the electrode with the aim of providing profound overview of the latest developments, the impact of sulfur incorporation on electrode properties, and the resulting performance enhancement in supercapacitors. It explores the influence of sulfidation on the morphological, structural, and compositional aspects of electrode materials, highlighting the modification of surface area, pore size distribution, crystal structure, and the formation of active sites. The discussions on the improved specific capacitance, enhanced rate capability, prolonged cycle life, and upgraded energy density achieved are accumulated. Additionally, the review explores the challenges and limitations associated with sulfurization and strategies to mitigate trials for future directions of research and developments.