Synthesis of Cu₃Fe₄V₆O₂₄ Nanoparticles to Produce 1,2,3-Triazoles by Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions

This paper presents the fabrication of novel Cu 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 nanoparticles (NPs) via a facile sol–gel method as efficient nanocatalysts (NCs) to produce azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition compounds. The effect of the calcination time on the formation of NPs was investigated. The as-prepared NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. Cu 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 NCs were applied to azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The effect of the catalyst loading, temperature, and time of reaction was optimized to improve the efficiency of the NC function by the response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) method. In optimal conditions, the yield of the reaction was 96%. In addition, the effect of different solvents on the yield of the reaction was investigated. Moreover, Cu 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 NPs efficiently catalyze different 1,2,3-triazoles in excellent yields.