Revealing the Formation of Well-Dispersed Polystyrene@ZIF-8 Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Significant progress has been made in the synthesis and application of core-shell nanoparticles in the past decade. But particle agglomerations are hard to avoid as the formation mechanisms of core-shell nanoparticles are still vague and not clear even for the simplest and most straightforward hard-templating method. Here, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is applied to investigate the formation of polystyrene@ZIF-8 core-shell nanoparticles, as a model to understand the hard-templating method. It has been found that the concentration of the ZIF-8 precursor influences both the ZIF-8 shell formation and the agglomeration of the polystyrene (PS) template. An overdiluted ZIF-8 precursor is not suitable for ZIF-8 shell formation, while a highly concentrated ZIF-8 precursor causes strong aggregation of the PS core. By applying the optimal precursor concentration identified by AUC, well-dispersed polystyrene@ZIF-8 core-shell nanoparticles can be obtained.