Predicting Spontaneous Emulsification in Saltwater Environments Using the HLD Model
Source abstract
Abstract
Spontaneous emulsification of toluene with nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPE) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) surfactants in saltwater environments was studied. NaCl promoted the spontaneous emulsification of an otherwise non-spontaneous SDBS-toluene system. Dynamic light scattering and turbidity indicated that spontaneity increased with NaCl concentration. The mechanism of spontaneous emulsification was dependent on surfactant type; NPE emulsified via micelle swelling, and SDBS emulsified via nucleation and growth. Hydrophilic lipophilic difference (HLD) calculations were used to model spontaneous emulsification and spontaneity. As HLD approached zero, conditions became more favorable for spontaneous emulsification. Between HLD values of -2.4 and -2.05, samples transitioned from non-spontaneous to spontaneous. This study aids in predicting spontaneous emulsion formation in saltwater environments for applications in nanoemulsion formation and wastewater remediation.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Surfactants and Colloidal Systems · Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques · Petroleum Processing and Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
Funding
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
References (52)
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