Aldehyde-Functionalized Benzenediazonium Cation for Multiprobe Immobilization on Microelectrode Array Surfaces

We report in situ generation of aldehyde-functionalized benzenediazonium cation (ABD) and its use as a suitable linker molecule for fast and selective immobilization of biomolecules on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode surfaces. We prepared ABD through a new reaction procedure, a simultaneous diazotation of the amine group and deprotection of the aldehyde group from an aniline derivative, 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-dithiane, which was revealed on the ITO electrode surfaces through the electrodeposition of the reaction product and the characterization of the resulting surfaces with cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and protein immobilization. We also showed that successive electrodeposition of ABD and probe molecules on individually addressable microarray electrode surfaces can provide a useful platform for efficient detection of multianalyte. The usage of ABD has been demonstrated by the patterning of three different probe molecules on a single substrate and the simultaneous detection of two target molecules.