A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery
Source abstract
Abstract
A thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries is an essential requirement for electric vehicle operation due to the large amount of heat generated by these cylindrical batteries during fast charging/discharging. Previously, researchers have focused mostly on pouch and prismatic cells with heat pipes arranged in the horizontal direction. The current study introduces a novel vertically-oriented heat-pipe-based hybrid cooling battery thermal management system (BTMS) that numerically evaluates the thermal performance of the cylindrical batteries and the flow pattern within the cooling channel at C rates as high as 8C. The model was experimentally validated using five round heat pipes in a vertical orientation utilizing the effect of gravity to assist condensate flow through the heat pipe. The heat pipes were arranged in a staggered pattern to improve the overall heat transfer performance by means of forced convective cooling. This design allowed for maximizing the heat transfer process despite the lack of contact between the cylindrical-shaped batteries and round-shaped heat pipes. During this study, the temperatures of the evaporator end and the condenser end of the heat pipes and battery surfaces were monitored, and the thermal performances of the system were determined at varying inlet cooling liquid temperatures (15, 20, 25 °C) and high rates of 4C and 8C. Representatively, the proposed hybrid BTMS could maintain a maximum battery surface temperature of around 64 °C and a temperature difference between cells under 2.5 °C when the inlet velocity was 0.33 L/min and the cooling liquid temperature was 25 °C. The high temperatures reached the fourth and fifth heat pipes because they are part of the backflow design and are affected by backflow temperature. Nevertheless, the current design shows that the proposed system can maintain battery surface temperatures well within 5 °C.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Advanced battery technologies research · Advancements in Battery Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Funding
Bolashak scholarship
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. (2023, April 10). Global EV Outlook 2022—Data Product—IEA. Available online: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/global-ev-outlook-2022.
2. (2023, April 10). The Influence of Government Incentives on Electric Vehicle Adoption: Cross-National Comparison. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348687386_The_Influence_of_Government_Incentives_on_Electric_Vehicle_Adoption_Cross-national_Comparison.
3. The roles of graphene in advanced Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors10.1016/j.jechem.2017.11.020 ↗
4. (2023, March 27). Specific Heat Capacity of Lithium Ion Cells—Battery Design. Available online: https://www.batterydesign.net/specific-heat-capacity-of-lithium-ion-cells/.
5. A review of power battery thermal energy management10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.096 ↗
6. Optimization design of a parallel air-cooled battery thermal management system with spoilers10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116062 ↗
7. Saw, L.H., Tay, A.A.O., and Zhang, L.W. (2015, January 15–19). Thermal management of lithium-ion battery pack with liquid cooling. Proceedings of the 2015 31st Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM), San Jose, CA, USA.10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2015.7100176 ↗
8. A theoretical and computational study of lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles using heat pipes10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.004 ↗
9. Liu, C., Xu, D., Weng, J., Zhou, S., Li, W., Wan, Y., Jiang, S., Zhou, D., Wang, J., and Huang, Q. (2020). Phase Change Materials Application in Battery Thermal Management System: A Review. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13204622 ↗
10. Immersion cooling for lithium-ion batteries—A review10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231094 ↗
11. A hybrid thermal management system for lithium ion batteries combining phase change materials with forced-air cooling10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.080 ↗
12. Experimental study on the thermal management performance of air cooling for high energy density cylindrical lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.157 ↗
13. Comparison of different cooling methods for lithium ion battery cells10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.10.015 ↗
14. Thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery based on a liquid cooling method with half-helical duct10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114257 ↗
15. Investigation of power battery thermal management by using mini-channel cold plate10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.015 ↗
16. Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: A comprehensive numerical study10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.043 ↗
17. Reducing cell-to-cell spacing for large-format lithium ion battery modules with aluminum or PCM heat sinks under failure conditions10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.094 ↗
18. Experimental investigation on the thermal behavior of cylindrical battery with composite paraffin and fin structure10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.02.057 ↗
19. Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of heat pipe-assisted phase change material based battery thermal management system10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.022 ↗
20. Graphene or h-BN paraffin composite structures for the thermal management of Li-ion batteries: A multiscale investigation10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.175 ↗
21. Numerical study on power battery thermal management system based on heat pipe technology10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.187 ↗
22. Hwang, F.S., Confrey, T., Scully, S., Callaghan, D., Nolan, C., Kent, N., and Flannery, B. (2020, January 5–8). Modelling of heat generation in an 18650 lithium-ion battery cell under varying discharge rates. Proceedings of the 5th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC), New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1615/TFEC2020.fue.032096 ↗
23. Numerical analyses on optimizing a heat pipe thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries during fast charging10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.066 ↗
24. An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.007 ↗
25. Thermal behavior study of discharging/charging cylindrical lithium-ion battery module cooled by channeled liquid flow10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.083 ↗
26. Experimental investigation on EV battery cooling and heating by heat pipes10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.083 ↗
27. Investigation on the thermal performance of a battery thermal management system using heat pipe under different ambient temperatures10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.063 ↗
28. A numerical study on the performance of a thermal management system for a battery pack with cylindrical cells based on heat pipes10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115740 ↗
29. Experimental investigation of thermal and strain management for lithium-ion battery pack in heat pipe cooling10.1016/j.est.2018.01.001 ↗
30. Reay, D., Kew, P., and McGlen, R. (2014). Heat Pipes, Elsevier.
31. A comprehensive review on thermal management systems for power lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.rser.2020.110685 ↗
32. Heat generation rate measurement in a Li-ion cell at large C-rates through temperature and heat flux measurements10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.008 ↗
33. Battery thermal management system for electric vehicle using heat pipes10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.08.022 ↗