journal article·2025-04-14Open access

CMC Staining Method for the Visualization of the Binder Distribution in Water-Based Electrodes with EDS

Noah Keim, Andreas Weber, Marcus Müller, David Burger, Werner Bauer, Philip Scharfer, Wilhelm Schabel, Helmut Ehrenberg

ACS Applied Energy Materials· Volume 8· Issue 7

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The selective staining of cellulose materials is crucial for the accurate investigation of the binder distribution in electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. This paper investigates how (heptadecafluorodecyl)trimethoxysilane selectively reveals the binder distribution via EDS. Selectivity was granted by investigating individual electrode components: graphite, carbon black (CB), styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC). Each component was treated with the staining agent, stored at 60 °C for 16 h, washed with ethanol, and analyzed via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Only NaCMC shows a significant increase in fluorine concentration, proving selective staining. The study further explores the reaction mechanism by varying the degree of substitution (DS) of NaCMC, showing a correlation between carboxyl moieties and fluorine concentration and identifies 16 h of heated storage as a viable staining condition. Finally, the method’s applicability was demonstrated by comparing binder distribution in electrodes dried at different rates, revealing the NaCMC binder distribution via EDS.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques · Advanced Battery Technologies Research

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Affiliations

Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Thin Film Technology (TFT)

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