journal article·2025-12-20Open access

State of Health Estimation of Lithium Cobalt Oxide Batteries Based on ARX Identification Across Different Temperatures

Simone Barcellona, Mattia Ribera, Emanuele Fedele, Pasquale Franzese, Luigi Piegari, Lorenzo Codecasa, Diego Iannuzzi

Batteries· Volume 12· Issue 1

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) undergo degradation influenced by storage and cycling conditions. Accurate state of health (SOH) assessment is crucial for predicting battery aging, which is generally marked by a decline in capacity (energy fade) or an increase in internal resistance (power fade). This study investigates the impulse response (IR) technique for assessing the SOH of lithium cobalt oxide batteries, addressing both capacity fade and rising internal resistance. The IR method relies on a predefined dataset that records the voltage response of the LiB to pulse current inputs across various states of charge (SOC), temperatures, and aging conditions to train a series of linear auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) models. This dataset is then used as a look-up table for subsequent SOH estimation under new operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the method can capture trends in capacity fade and resistance increase only when multiple battery temperatures are incorporated into the look-up table. In contrast, estimations based on ARX models trained at a single fixed temperature fail to provide reliable predictions of battery SOH.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Advancements in Battery Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electronics, Information and Bionengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy

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