Corrections of Voltage Loss in Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells
Source abstract
Abstract
Normally, the Nernst voltage calculated from the concentration of the reaction gas in the flow channel is considered to be the ideal voltage (reversible voltage) of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The Nernst voltage loss in fuel cells in most of the current literature is thought to be due to the difference in concentration of reaction gas in the flow channel and concentration of reaction gas on the catalyst layer at the time as when the high net current density is generated. Based on the Butler–Volmer equation in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, this paper demonstrates that Nernst voltage loss caused by concentration difference of reaction gas in the flow channel and reaction gas on the catalyst layer at equilibrium potential. According to the relationship between the current density and the concentration difference it can be proven that Nernst voltage loss does not exist in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells because there is no concentration difference of reaction gas in the flow channel and on the catalytic layer at equilibrium potential when the net current density is zero.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Division for Experimental Physics, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Ave. 43, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
Funding
the Competitiveness Enhancement Program of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
References (35)
Show source-provided references
1. Electrochemical analysis of the performance loss in all vanadium redox flow batteries using different cut-off voltages10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.043 ↗
2. Loss of Gibbs Energy Using Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolytes in SOFCs Considering Local Equilibrium while Ion Hopping10.2174/1874088X00903010047 ↗
3. Electrochemical open circuit voltage (OCV) characterization of SOFC materials10.1007/s11581-013-0843-z ↗
4. A Current-Independent Constant Anode Voltage Loss Using Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolytes in SOFCs10.1149/05901.0053ecst ↗
5. The energetic implications of curtailing versus storing solar- and wind-generated electricity10.1039/c3ee41973h ↗
6. Simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)–Gas Turbine System10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.006 ↗
7. Incorporation of voltage degradation into a generalised steady state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell10.1016/S0378-7753(01)01029-1 ↗
8. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell voltage-tracking using artificial neural networks10.1631/jzus.C0910683 ↗
9. Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.009 ↗
10. Analysis of equilibrium and kinetic models of internal reforming on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: Effect on voltage, current and temperature distribution10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.039 ↗
11. SOFC mathematic model for systems simulations. Part one: From a micro-detailed to macro-black-box model10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.04.008 ↗
12. Energy and exergy assessments of a novel trigeneration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.014 ↗
13. Transport mechanisms and voltage losses in PEMFC membranes and at electrodes: A discussion of open-circuit irreversibility10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.093 ↗
14. Nernst voltage losses in planar fuel cells caused by changes in chemical composition: Effects of operating parameters10.1007/s11581-018-2454-1 ↗
15. Basics for Fuel Cell Performance Loss Evaluation10.1149/08301.0053ecst ↗
16. Experimental study of fuel cell properties based on current-voltage characteristic10.1088/1742-6596/1111/1/012070 ↗
17. Effect of load transients on SOFC operation-current reversal on loss of load10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.027 ↗
18. Clarifying the Butler–Volmer equation and related approximations for calculating activation losses in solid oxide fuel cell models10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.174 ↗
19. Elucidating the constant power, current and voltage cold start modes of proton exchange membrane fuel cell10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.05.050 ↗
20. Verification of Analytical Fuel Cell Models by Performance Testing at a 110 cm2 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell10.1149/1.1396335 ↗
21. Networked solid oxide fuel cell stacks combined with a gas turbine cycle10.1016/S0378-7753(01)01051-5 ↗
22. Reimer, U., Lehnert, W., Holade, Y., and Kokoh, B. (2020, February 05). Irreversible Losses in Fuel Cells. Available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811459-9.00002-5.10.1016/B978-0-12-811459-9.00002-5 ↗
23. Mass transfer in graded microstructure solid oxide fuel cell electrodes10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.063 ↗
24. Yi, B.L. (2003). Fuel Cell—Principles, Technology, Apply, Chemical Industry Press. [1st ed.].
25. Ryan, O., Suk-won, C., Whitney, G.C., and Fritz, B.P. (2016). Chapter 3 Fuel Cell Reaction Kinetics, In Fuel Cell Fundamentals, John Wiley and Sons. [3rd ed.].
26. Colleen, S. (2013). PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using MATLAB, Publishing House of Electronics Industry. [1st ed.].
27. Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces: Methodology and potential applications10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00343-1 ↗
28. Ryan, O., Suk-won, C., Whitney, G.C., and Fritz, B.P. (2016). Chapter 5 Fuel Cell Mass Transport, In Fuel Cell Fundamentals, John Wiley and Sons. [3rd ed.].
29. Cha, Q.X. (2016). Introduction to Dynamics of Electrode Process, Science Press. [3rd ed.].
30. Bard, A.J., and Faulkner, L.R. (2005). Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications, Chemical Industry Press. [2nd ed.].
31. Electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions10.1351/pac200476122147 ↗
32. Wang, L.S., and Li, Y. (2005). Fuel Cell, Metallurgical Industry Press. [2nd ed.].
33. Cao, D.X., Wang, G.L., and Lyu, Y.Z. (2009). Fuel Cell System, BEIHANG University Press. [1st ed.].
34. Wei, W.C. (2014). Technology of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Shanghai Jiaotong University Press. [1st ed.].
35. Reduction of the Electrode Overpotential of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Electrode Surface Modification10.1155/2017/7494571 ↗