A Review on Advanced Battery Thermal Management Systems for Fast Charging in Electric Vehicles
Source abstract
Abstract
To protect the environment and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the world is shifting towards electric vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable solution. The development of fast charging technologies for EVs to reduce charging time and increase operating range is essential to replace traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient energy storage systems in EVs. However, the efficiency of LIBs depends significantly on their working temperature range. However, the huge amount of heat generated during fast charging increases battery temperature uncontrollably and may lead to thermal runaway, which poses serious hazards during the operation of EVs. In addition, fast charging with high current accelerates battery aging and seriously reduces battery capacity. Therefore, an effective and advanced battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to ensure the performance, lifetime, and safety of LIBs, particularly under extreme charging conditions. In this perspective, the current review presents the state-of-the-art thermal management strategies for LIBs during fast charging. The serious thermal problems owing to heat generated during fast charging and its impacts on LIBs are discussed. The core part of this review presents advanced cooling strategies such as indirect liquid cooling, immersion cooling, and hybrid cooling for the thermal management of batteries during fast charging based on recently published research studies in the period of 2019–2024 (5 years). Finally, the key findings and potential directions for next-generation BTMSs toward fast charging are proposed. This review offers an in-depth analysis by providing recommendations and potential solutions to develop reliable and efficient BTMSs for LIBs during fast charging.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies · Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
Funding
Dong-A University research fund
References (58)
Show source-provided references
1. (2022, November 17). Emissions by Sector. Available online: https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector.
2. Polat, H., Hosseinabadi, F., Hasan, M.M., Chakraborty, S., Geury, T., El Baghdadi, M., Wilkins, S., and Hegazy, O. (2023). A Review of DC Fast Chargers with BESS for Electric Vehicles: Topology, Battery, Reliability Oriented Control and Cooling Perspectives. Batteries, 9.10.3390/batteries9020121 ↗
3. Garud, K.S., Tai, L.D., Hwang, S., Nguyen, N., and Lee, M. (2023). A Review of Advanced Cooling Strategies for Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles. Symmetry, 15.10.3390/sym15071322 ↗
4. Experimental investigation of thermal runaway behavior and propagation inhibition of lithium-ion battery by immersion cooling10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124093 ↗
5. Theoretical and experimental investigations on liquid immersion cooling battery packs for electric vehicles based on analysis of battery heat generation characteristics10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118478 ↗
6. Single-phase static immersion-cooled battery thermal management system with finned heat pipes10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123931 ↗
7. A novel dielectric fluid immersion cooling technology for Li-ion battery thermal management10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113715 ↗
8. Numerical Study on Oil Cooling Performance of The Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Pack with Flow Arrangement
9. Novel concept design of low energy hybrid battery thermal management system using PCM and multistage Tesla valve liquid cooling10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119680 ↗
10. A parametric study of a hybrid battery thermal management system that couples PCM with wavy microchannel cold plate10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119625 ↗
11. Enabling fast charging—Battery thermal considerations10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.009 ↗
12. Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review10.1016/j.etran.2019.100011 ↗
13. Implementation for a cloud battery management system based on the CHAIN framework10.1016/j.egyai.2021.100088 ↗
14. CHAIN: Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network Enabling Digital Solution for Battery Full-Lifespan Management10.1016/j.matt.2020.04.015 ↗
15. Thermal behavior study of discharging/charging cylindrical lithium-ion battery module cooled by channeled liquid flow10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.083 ↗
16. A novel direct liquid cooling strategy for electric vehicles focused on pouch type battery cells10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118869 ↗
17. Experimental study of a direct immersion liquid cooling of a Li-ion battery for electric vehicles applications10.18280/ijht.400101 ↗
18. Effects of different coolants and cooling strategies on the cooling performance of the power lithium ion battery system: A review10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.043 ↗
19. A state-of-the art review on advancing battery thermal management systems for fast-charging10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120303 ↗
20. Advancements in battery thermal management system for fast charging/discharging applications10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103144 ↗
21. Concept of reliability and safety assessment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: Basics, progress, and challenges10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113343 ↗
22. A critical review of battery thermal performance and liquid based battery thermal management10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.051 ↗
23. Numerical analyses on optimizing a heat pipe thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries during fast charging10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.066 ↗
24. A general energy balance for battery systems10.1149/1.2113792 ↗
25. Comparative study on the transversal/lengthwise thermal failure propagation and heating position effect of lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113761 ↗
26. Capacity fade study of lithium-ion batteries cycled at high discharge rates10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00029-6 ↗
27. A capacity and power fade study of Li-ion cells during life cycle testing10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00537-8 ↗
28. A review of thermal runaway prevention and mitigation strategies for lithium-ion batteries
29. A general discussion of Li ion battery safety
30. Multi-objective optimization design and experimental investigation for a parallel liquid cooling-based Lithium-ion battery module under fast charging10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118503 ↗
31. A Fast Charging–Cooling Coupled Scheduling Method for a Liquid Cooling-Based Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.016 ↗
32. Cell selection and thermal management system design for a 5C-rate ultrafast charging battery module10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232121 ↗
33. Research on the thermal management safety of the fast charging power battery management system10.1016/j.egyr.2023.09.130 ↗
34. External Liquid Cooling Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Modules Under Ultra-Fast Charging10.1109/TIA.2022.3197391 ↗
35. Liquid cooling system optimization for a cell-to-pack battery module under fast charging10.1002/er.7990 ↗
36. Zhao, Z., Kollmeyer, P.J., Lempert, J.M., and Emadi, A. (2021, January 21–25). Experimental Comparison of Two Liquid Cooling Methods for Ultrafast Charging Lithium-Ion Battery Modules. Proceedings of the IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), Chicago, IL, USA.10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490034 ↗
37. Experimental investigation of the innovated indirect-cooling system for Li-ion battery packs under fast charging and discharging10.1016/j.est.2023.106730 ↗
38. Experimental investigation on thermal performance of battery thermal management system with heat pipe assisted hybrid fin structure under fast charging conditions10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120840 ↗
39. Optimized cooling and thermal analysis of lithium-ion pouch cell under fast charging cycles for electric vehicles10.1016/j.est.2023.107580 ↗
40. Performance analysis of liquid cooling battery thermal management system in different cooling cases10.1016/j.est.2023.108651 ↗
41. Liquid cooling vs hybrid cooling for fast charging lithium-ion batteries: A comparative numerical study10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118226 ↗
42. Numerical investigation of the direct liquid cooling of a fast-charging lithium-ion battery pack in hydrofluoroether10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117279 ↗
43. Hybrid single-phase immersion cooling structure for battery thermal management under fast-charging conditions10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117053 ↗
44. Experimental investigations of liquid immersion cooling for 18650 lithium-ion battery pack under fast charging conditions10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120287 ↗
45. Thermal management for the 18650 lithium-ion battery pack by immersion cooling with fluorinated liquid10.1016/j.est.2023.109166 ↗
46. Experimental studies of reciprocating liquid immersion cooling for 18650 lithium-ion battery under fast charging conditions10.1016/j.est.2023.107177 ↗
47. Study on the effect of immersion thermal management for high-current rate fast charging of 21700 Li-ion batteries10.1016/j.est.2024.111061 ↗
48. Thermal performance of direct two-phase refrigerant cooling for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115213 ↗
49. An experimental investigation of liquid immersion cooling of a four cell lithium-ion battery module10.1016/j.est.2024.111289 ↗
50. Development of a hybrid battery thermal management system coupled with phase change material under fast charging conditions10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116015 ↗
51. Advanced hybrid thermal management system for LTO battery module under fast charging10.1016/j.csite.2022.101938 ↗
52. Optimisation with adiabatic interlayers for liquid-dominated cooling system on fast charging battery packs10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.090 ↗
53. Advanced Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.695 ↗
54. An experimental investigation for a hybrid phase change material-liquid cooling strategy to achieve high-temperature uniformity of Li-ion battery module under fast charging10.1002/er.6241 ↗
55. A novel battery thermal management system for cooling/preheating utilizing a polymer intercell heat exchanger with phase change material10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.122248 ↗
56. Numerical study on the effect of gallium filling on the cooling performance of battery thermal management system10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121652 ↗
57. Lithium-ion battery pack thermal management under high ambient temperature and cyclic charging-discharging strategy design10.1016/j.est.2023.110391 ↗
58. Experimental investigation on a novel liquid-cooling strategy by coupling with graphene-modified silica gel for the thermal management of cylindrical battery10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113885 ↗