Quantification of Chlorine Gas Generation in Mixed-Acid Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Source abstract
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Mixed-acid vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are an attractive option to increase energy density and temperature stability relative to conventional VRFBs for grid energy storage applications. However, the inclusion of hydrochloric acid introduces a significant safety risk through chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) evolution. Here, we present the first direct measurements of Cl 2 generation in a mixed-acid VRFB. Cl 2 is generated through an electrochemical reaction when the system is charged above ∼74% state of charge with concentrations exceeding 3% of the system headspace. We explore how Cl 2 evolution is enabled and propose mitigation strategies.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced battery technologies research · Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
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Affiliations
Energy Storage Technology and Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
Power Sources R&D, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
Special Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
Funding
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
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