An Antifreeze, Self-Healing Dual-Network Organogel for Supercapacitor and Anticounterfeiting Equipment

The function of polymer hydrogel electrolytes has been limited by external force, fracture formation, and cryogenic freezing. The dual-network 1 (1-pyrenemethanol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /K + -Kappa carrageenan (KC) organogel electrolytes with self-healing, antifreezing, fluorescent acid–base and ion response were prepared using the one-pot method. The tensile strength, fracture rate, capacitance, and energy density of the organogel were 627 kPa, 668%, 190 F g –1, and 9.63 Wh kg –1, respectively. As supercapacitors have high toughness and flexibility, they can maintain stable energy output under various deformations such as compression, bending and perforating. Based on the thermal reversibility of KC and the synergistic effect of the hydrogen bond between KC and PVA, the organogels exhibit remarkable self-healing properties such as a capacitance retention of 85.3% after 5 cut/healing cycles. Furthermore, the organogels have excellent antifreeze properties, with a capacitance retention of 72.5% at −65 °C for 20 days. Organogels can be used for information writing and anticounterfeiting via H + /OH – fluorescence response and metal ion (Co 3+ and Fe 3+ ) response. Such safe organogel capacitors have broad application prospects in portable and wearable electronic products.