Advancing Energy Storage Competence through Copper Phthalocyanine-Stabilized Titanium Nitride Hybrid Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors

In situ-grown copper phthalocyanine (nCuPc) nanorod structures with nano titanium nitride (TiN_nCuPc) hybrid composites were acquired via hydrothermal conditions. As-synthesized TiN_nCuPc composites were physicochemically characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, including detailed electrochemical studies. The composites showed promising electrochemical stability with cumulative capacitive behavior due to an effective interfacial interaction. The electrochemical characterization of the composites (TiN_nCuPc_1, TiN_nCuPc_3, and TiN_nCuPc_6) with varied amounts of nCuPc to TiN was analyzed in detail using cyclic voltammetric techniques, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis. The hybrid composite TiN_nCuPc_3 showed a specific capacitance of 36.8 Fg –1 at 0.25 Ag –1 in a three-electrode system and 29.7 Fg –1 at 0.25 Ag –1 in a two-electrode system. As-fabricated TiN_nCuPc_3 symmetric supercapacitor electrodes showed outstanding cycling stability with remarkable capacity retention of 93.5% and with 80.7% energy efficiency of pertinent 30,000 cycles.