A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis and Properties of MXenes for Supercapacitor Applications

MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides and carbides, have attracted significant attention for their potential in energy storage applications due to their remarkable properties and unique structure. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance of MXenes. Various synthesis techniques, including selective etching and chemical vapor deposition, are discussed in detail, emphasizing their impact on the morphology and functional properties of MXenes. The review also explores key characteristics of MXenes, such as conductivity, specific capacitance, and areal capacitance, which contribute to their suitability as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs). Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges and opportunities in optimizing MXenes for enhanced energy storage performance, considering factors like surface functionalization and composite formation. By integrating current research findings, this review aims to provide an overview of future directions and potential advancements in MXene-based SCs.