Fluorinated Carbon Materials and the Applications in Energy Storage Systems

Fluorinated carbon materials (CFx) have been widely used as cathode materials in primary batteries and simultaneously been applied to modify electrode materials in secondary rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the unique discharge product of LiF and carbon. In this review, we intend to offer a comprehensive connection between the CFx/Li primary battery and its effect for improving secondary battery via the link of LiF. The first part comes with the efforts on high-energy CFx/Li batteries with well-designed materials and electrolytes on the foundation of the unique discharge mechanism. Following with the discharge product (LiF), the second part is reasonably focused on modifying the electrode materials of LIBs with in situ or ex situ fluorination. Thanks to the link of primary battery and secondary battery, a perspective is made to illuminate a comprehension of CFx materials in future energy storage systems. This review offers an up-to-date retrospect of recent works on application of CFx and contributes to deeper understanding in energy storage systems.