Investigating the Electrochemical Properties of Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene-Carbon-Based Composites as Efficient Anode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors

The growing demand for sustainable energy storage and the rapid emergence of flexible electronic technologies have intensified the search for high-energy supercapacitors (SCs). MXenes have gained considerable attention for energy-related technologies owing to their exceptional structural and electrochemical characteristics. Although cathode materials for SCs are widely explored, progress on anode materials remains limited, despite their crucial influence on device performance and charge balance. In this study, a systematic approach is employed to identify an optimal anode by evaluating MXene-carbon composites with different structural architectures. Among all the samples studied, the MXene-reduced graphene oxide (M-RGO) composite exhibits a superior specific capacitance of 376 F g –1 at 1 A g –1, making it the most suitable anode candidate. Using this optimized material, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is fabricated with M-RGO as the negative electrode and MXene-MnO 2 as the positive electrode. The resulting device operates over an extended voltage window of 1.6 V and achieves a gravimetric capacitance of 173 F g –1 at a current of 1 mA (0.4 A g –1 ). The ASC delivers an impressive energy density of 62 Wh kg –1 at a power density of 320 W kg –1, highlighting the strong energy-power capability of the device.