Humidity-Responsive dBSA-MoS ₂ Nanocomposite Film Assembled via Liquid–Liquid Interface for Simulating Artificial Synaptic Behavior

Von Neumann architectures face inherent limitations, prompting the rise of neuromorphic computing as a promising alternative. Artificial synapses play a crucial role in replicating the dynamic plasticity of biological synapses, enabling efficient information processing and adaptive learning. We developed a composite nanofilm device composed of denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) using a liquid–liquid interfacial assembly technique. The dBSA-MoS 2 current response to humidity is 13.12 times higher than that of pure MoS 2 . At a relative humidity of 80%, the dBSA-MoS 2 device exhibits more pronounced negative differential resistance and hysteresis phenomena than pure MoS 2, and the resistance switching ratio of the dBSA-MoS 2 device is 3.20- and 2.64-fold higher than those of MoS 2 at 0.72 and 1.52 V, respectively. The incorporation of dBSA creates additional pathways for proton transport, which not only improves the electrical properties of dBSA-MoS 2 but also enables it to emulate biological synaptic functions. Consequently, the dBSA-MoS 2 device was used to simulate the biological synaptic behaviors: long-term potentiation and long-term depression. When integrated into a three-layer artificial neural network for handwritten number recognition, the dBSA-MoS 2 device achieved an impressive accuracy of 92.30%. These findings underscore the potential of dBSA-MoS 2 composites as next-generation artificial synapses, offering significant promise for neuromorphic computing and future bioelectronic applications.