The effect of stress on surface and interface segregation in thin alloy films on inert substrates
Source abstract
Abstract
We employed a regular solution-type model to describe the equilibrium segregation of solute atoms on the external surface and at the film–substrate interface in the ultrathin single-crystalline films of binary metal alloys attached to an inert substrate. The finite size of the system, the interlayer interactions in the film and the heteroepitaxial strain in the film were taken into account. We demonstrated that the homogeneous heteroeptiaxial strain in the film affects the surface and interface segregation of solute atoms only in the case when the value of coherency strain parameter (describing the relative change of alloy lattice parameter upon addition of solutes) in the surface and interface layers is different from its value in the rest of the films. The developed model was applied to the Ni(Au) thin films deposited on sapphire substrate. The quantitative agreement between the model predictions and recent experimental data on interface segregation of Au could be achieved by assuming that the film is heteroepitaxially compressed.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions · Surface and Thin Film Phenomena · Copper Interconnects and Reliability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (27)
Show source-provided references
1. Blakley JM (1978) Segregation to surfaces: dilute alloys of the transition metals. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 7:333–35510.1080/10408437808243444 ↗
2. Xu L, Xian F, Zhang Y, Zhang L (2019) Surface segregation of Ag and its effect on the microstructure, optical properties and conduction type of ZnO thin films. Physica B Condens Matter 566:103–11510.1016/j.physb.2019.05.007 ↗
3. Barda H, Rabkin E (2019) Improving the thermal stability of nickel thin films on sapphire by a minor alloying addition of gold. Appl Surf Sci 484:1070–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2019.04.17610.1016/J.APSUSC.2019.04.176 ↗
4. Ciesielskia A, Skowronski L, Trzcinski M, Górecka E, Trautman P, Szoplik T (2018) Evidence of germanium segregation in gold thin films. Surf Sci 674:73–7810.1016/j.susc.2018.03.020 ↗
5. Brown JA, Mishin Y (2004) Effect of surface stress on Ni segregation in (110) NiAl thin films. Phys Rev B 69:19540710.1103/PhysRevB.69.195407 ↗
6. Williams FL, Nason D (1974) Binary alloy surface compositions from bulk alloy thermodynamic data. Surf Sci 45:377–40810.1016/0039-6028(74)90177-0 ↗
7. Swaminarayan S, Srolovitz DJ (1996) Surface segregation in thin films. Acta Mater 44:2067–207210.1016/1359-6454(95)00282-0 ↗
8. Cs Cserati, Szabo IA, Beke DL (1998) Size effect in surface segregation. J Appl Phys 83:3021–302710.1063/1.367125 ↗
9. Pirart J, Front A, Rapetti D, Andreazza-Vignolle C, Andreazza P, Mottet C, Ferrando R (2019) Reversed size-dependent stabilization of ordered nanophases. Nat Commun 10:1982. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09841-310.1038/s41467-019-09841-3 ↗
10. Kumar A, Barda H, Klinger L, Finnis MW, Lordi V, Rabkin E, Srolovitz DJ (2018) Anomalous diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces. Nat Commun 9:525110.1038/s41467-018-07724-7 ↗
11. Wynblatt P, Chatain D (2006) Anisotropy of segregation at grain boundaries and surfaces. Metall Mater Trans 37A:2595–262010.1007/BF02586096 ↗
12. Lejček P (2013) Effect of ternary solute interaction on interfacial segregation and grain boundary embrittlement. J Mater Sci 48:4965–4972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7280-210.1007/s10853-013-7280-2 ↗
13. Barda H, Rabkin E (2019) Metal hetero-diffusion along the metal-ceramic interfaces: a case study of Au diffusion along the Ni-sapphire interface. Acta Mater (under review)10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.051 ↗
14. Lee YW, Aaronson HI (1980) Anisotropy of coherent interphase boundary energy. Acta Metall 28:539–54810.1016/0001-6160(80)90143-1 ↗
15. Cahn JW (1961) On spinodal decomposition. Acta Metall 9:795–80110.1016/0001-6160(61)90182-1 ↗
16. Cahn JW (1962) On spinodal decomposition in cubic crystals. Acta Metall 10:179–18310.1016/0001-6160(62)90114-1 ↗
17. Wynblatt P, Ku RC (1977) Surface energy and solute strain energy effects in surface segregation. Surf Sci 65:511–53110.1016/0039-6028(77)90462-9 ↗
18. Meltzman H, Mordehai D, Kaplan WD (2012) Solid-solid interface reconstruction at equilibrated Ni–Al2O3 interface. Acta Mater 60:4359–436910.1016/j.actamat.2012.04.037 ↗
19. Kovalenko O, Rabkin E (2015) Mechano-stimulated equilibration of gold nanoparticles on sapphire. Scr Mater 107:149–15210.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.06.007 ↗
20. Steigerwald DA, Miller SJ, Wynblatt P (1985) Anisotropy of surface composition in a Ni–Au alloy. Surf Sci 155:79–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(85)90406-610.1016/0039-6028(85)90406-6 ↗
21. Johnson WC, Chavka NG, Ku R, Bomback JL, Wynblatt P (1978) Orientation dependence of surface segregation in a dilute Ni–Au alloy. J Vac Sci Technol 15:467–469. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.56959310.1116/1.569593 ↗
22. Lam NQ, Hoff HA, Régnier PG (1985) Sputter-induced compositional modifications in a Ni–Au alloy. J Nucl Mater 133–134:427–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(85)90182-510.1016/0022-3115(85)90182-5 ↗
23. Kelley MJ, Gilmour PW, Swartzfager DG (1980) Strain effects in surface segregation—the Au/Ni system. J Vac Sci Technol 17:634–637. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.57052910.1116/1.570529 ↗
24. Wang J, Lu X-G, Sundman B, Su X (2005) Thermodynamic assessment of the Au–Ni system. Calphad 29:263–26810.1016/j.calphad.2005.09.004 ↗
25. Amram D, Barlam D, Rabkin E, Shneck RZ (2016) Coherency strain reduction in particles on a substrate as a driving force for solute segregation. Scr Mater 122:89–9210.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.05.030 ↗
26. Amram D, Rabkin E (2014) Core (Fe)–Shell (Au) nanoparticles obtained from thin Fe/Au bilayers employing surface segregation. ACS Nano 8:10687–1069310.1021/nn504284d ↗
27. Kovalenko O, Chikli FO, Rabkin E (2016) The equilibrium crystal shape of iron. Scr Mater 123:109–11210.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.06.006 ↗