journal article·2021-06Open access

Estimate of theoretical shear strength of C60 single crystal by nanoindentation

Sergey N. Dub, Cetin Haftaoglu, Vitaliy M. Kindrachuk

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 18

Abstract

Abstract The onset of plasticity in a single crystal C60 fullerite was investigated by nanoindentation on the (111) crystallographic plane. The transition from elastic to plastic deformation in a contact was observed as pop-in events on loading curves. The respective resolved shear stresses were computed for the octahedral slip systems $$\langle{01}\overline{1}\rangle\left\{ {{111}} \right\}$$, supposing that their activation resulted in the onset of plasticity. A finite element analysis was applied, which reproduced the elastic loading until the first pop-in, using a realistic geometry of the Berkovich indenter blunt tip. The obtained estimate of the C60 theoretical shear strength was about $${1}/{11}$$ of the shear modulus on {111} planes. Graphical abstract
Source: crossref · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (51)

Show source-provided references
1. Frenkel J (1926) Zur Theorie der Elastizitätsgrenze und der Festigkeit kristallinischer Körper. Zeitschrift für Physik 37(7):572–60910.1007/BF01397292 ↗
2. Berezhkova GV (1969) Nitevidnye Kristally [Whiskers]., Moscow: Nauka. 158
3. Kelly A (1973) Strong Solids, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 285
4. Bei H et al (2007) Compressive strengths of molybdenum alloy micro-pillars prepared using a new technique. Scr Mater 57(5):397–40010.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.05.010 ↗
5. Sung TH et al (2012) Yielding and plastic slip in ZnO. Appl Phys Lett 100(21):21190310.1063/1.4720169 ↗
6. Sharma A, Hickman J, Gazit N et al (2018) Nickel nanoparticles set a new record of strength. Nat Commun 9:4102. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41467-018-06575-610.1038/S41467-018-06575-6 ↗
7. Kushch VI, Dub SN, Litvin PM (2007) Determination of the young modulus from elastic section of the Berkovich indenter loading curve. J Superhard Mater 29(4):228–23410.3103/S1063457607040065 ↗
8. Rhee Y-W et al (2001) Brittle fracture versus quasi plasticity in ceramics: a simple predictive index. J Am Ceram Soc 84(3):561–56510.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00698.x ↗
9. Dub SN et al (2017) Theoretical shear strength and the onset of plasticity in nanodeformation of cubic boron nitride. J Superhard Mater 39(2):88–9810.3103/S1063457617020034 ↗
10. Michalske TA, Houston JE (1998) Dislocation nucleation at nano-scale mechanical contacts. Acta Mater 46(2):391–39610.1016/S1359-6454(97)00270-X ↗
11. Zbib AA, Bahr DF (2007) Dislocation nucleation and source activation during nanoindentation yield points. Metall Mater Trans A 38(13):2249–225510.1007/s11661-007-9284-5 ↗
12. Bei H et al (2008) Strength differences arising from homogeneous versus heterogeneous dislocation nucleation. Phys Rev B 77(6):4. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.06010310.1103/PhysRevB.77.060103 ↗
13. Göken M, Kempf M (2001) Pop-ins in nanoindentation: the initial yield point. Z Metallkd 92(9):1061–1067
14. Krenn CR et al (2002) Connecting atomistic and experimental estimates of ideal strength. Phys Rev B 65(13):134111. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.13411110.1103/PhysRevB.65.134111 ↗
15. Bei H, Lu ZP, George EP (2004) Theoretical strength and the onset of plasticity in bulk metallic glasses investigated by nanoindentation with a spherical indenter. Phys Rev Lett 93(12):125504. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.12550410.1103/PhysRevLett.93.125504 ↗
16. Minor AM et al (2006) A new view of the onset of plasticity during the nanoindentation of aluminium. Nat Mater 5(9):697–70210.1038/nmat1714 ↗
17. Barnoush A (2012) Correlation between dislocation density and nanomechanical response during nanoindentation. Acta Mater 60(3):1268–127710.1016/j.actamat.2011.11.034 ↗
18. Wang Z et al (2011) Influences of surface preparation on nanoindentation pop-in in single-crystal Mo. Scr Mater 65(6):469–47210.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.030 ↗
19. Guo T et al (2018) Initiation of basal slip and tensile twinning in magnesium alloys during nanoindentation. J Alloys Compnd 731:620–63010.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.088 ↗
20. Mao WG, Shen YG, Lu C (2011) Deformation behavior and mechanical properties of polycrystalline and single crystal alumina during nanoindentation. Scr Mater 65(2):127–13010.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.03.022 ↗
21. Nowak R et al (1996) Deformation of sapphire induced by a spherical indentation on the (101̄0) plane. Appl Phys Lett 68(8):1063–106510.1063/1.115713 ↗
22. Guicciardi S, Melandri C, Monteverde FT (2010) Characterization of pop-in phenomena and indentation modulus in a polycrystalline ZrB2 ceramic. J Eur Ceram Soc 30(4):1027–103410.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.10.014 ↗
23. Dub SN et al (2017) Mechanical properties of single crystals of transition metals diborides TmB2 (Tm = Sc, Hf, Zr, Ti): experiment and theory. J Superhard Mater 39(5):308–31810.3103/S1063457617050021 ↗
24. Caldas PG et al (2017) Plasticity and optical properties of GaN under highly localized nanoindentation stress fields. J Appl Phys 121(12):125105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.497801810.1063/1.4978018 ↗
25. Zhao X et al (2011) Onset plastic deformation and cracking behavior of silicon carbide under contact load at room temperature. J Am Ceram Soc 94(10):3509–351410.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04674.x ↗
26. Bradby JE, Williams JS, Swain MV (2004) Pop-in events induced by spherical indentation in compound semiconductors. J Mater Res 19(1):380–38610.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.380 ↗
27. Lodes MA et al (2011) Influence of dislocation density on the pop-in behavior and indentation size effect in CaF2 single crystals: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Acta Mater 59(11):4264–427310.1016/j.actamat.2011.03.050 ↗
28. Varughese S et al (2013) Nanoindentation in crystal engineering: quantifying mechanical properties of molecular crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed 52(10):2701–271210.1002/anie.201205002 ↗
29. Lubenets SV et al (2019) Low-temperature mechanical properties of fullerites: structure, elasticity, plasticity, strength. Low Temp Phys 45(1):1–3810.1063/1.5082308 ↗
30. Richter A et al (2000) Nanoindentation of diamond, graphite and fullerene films. Diam Relat Mater 9(2):170–18410.1016/S0925-9635(00)00188-6 ↗
31. Pukha VE et al (2007) The structure and nanoindentation of C60 films. Funct Mater 14(2):209–211
32. Funamori Y et al (2020) Large elastic deformation of C60 nanowhiskers. Carbon 169:65–7210.1016/j.carbon.2020.07.061 ↗
33. Johnson KL (1985) Contact mechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge10.1017/CBO9781139171731 ↗
34. Li TL et al (2011) Indentation Schmid factor and orientation dependence of nanoindentation pop-in behavior of NiAl single crystals. J Mech Phys Solids 59(6):1147–116210.1016/j.jmps.2011.04.003 ↗
35. Tymiak N et al (2009) Role of competition between slip and twinning in nanoscale deformation of sapphire. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.17411610.1103/PhysRevB.79.174116 ↗
36. Aota N, Tachibana M, Kojima K (2008) Dislocation motions in C60 crystals by an indentation test. J Phys D-Appl Phys 41(7):07400210.1088/0022-3727/41/7/074002 ↗
37. Lubenets SV et al (1997) The structure, slip systems, and microhardness of C60 crystals. Low Temp Phys 23(3):251–26110.1063/1.593358 ↗
38. Tachibana M et al (1995) Slip systems in C60 single crystals. Appl Phys Lett 67(18):2618–262010.1063/1.114314 ↗
39. Oliver WC, Pharr GM (2004) Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J Mater Res 19(1):3–2010.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3 ↗
40. Dub S, Novikov N, Milman Y (2002) The transition from elastic to plastic behaviour in an Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal studied by cyclic nanoindentation. Philos Mag A 82(10):2161–217210.1080/01418610208235725 ↗
41. Tachibana M et al (1994) Temperature dependence of the microhardness of C60 crystals. Phys Rev B 49(21):14945–1494810.1103/PhysRevB.49.14945 ↗
42. Tachibana M, Sakuma H, Kojima K (1997) Photo-illumination hardening of C60 crystals. J Appl Phys 82(9):4253–425810.1063/1.366232 ↗
43. Dub SN et al. (2020) Nanoindentation of pure and gas-saturated fullerite C60 crystals: elastic-to-plastic transition, hardness, elastic modulus. Low Temp Phys. Accepted For Publication10.1063/10.0002159 ↗
44. Dub SN, Zasimchuk IK, Matvienko LF (2011) Effect of solid solution strengthening by iridium on the nucleation of dislocations in a molybdenum single crystal during nanoindentation. Phys Solid State 53(7):1404–141110.1134/S1063783411070080 ↗
45. Sato Y, Shinzato S, Ohmura T et al (2020) Unique universal scaling in nanoindentation pop-ins. Nat Commun 11(1):4177. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17918-710.1038/s41467-020-17918-7 ↗
46. Wang Y et al (2004) Orientation dependence of nanoindentation pile-up patterns and of nanoindentationmicrotextures in copper single crystals. Acta Mater 52(8):2229–223810.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.016 ↗
47. Kobelev NP et al (1998) Elastic moduli of single-crystal C60. Phys Solid State 40(1):154–15610.1134/1.1130260 ↗
48. Kindrachuk VM, Fedelich B (2011) Stress update algorithm for the combined viscoplastic and plastic behaviours of single-crystal superalloys. Int J Numer Meth Eng 88(1):83–10210.1002/nme.3172 ↗
49. Knowles KM, Howie PR (2015) The directional dependence of elastic stiffness and compliance shear coefficients and shear moduli in cubic materials. J Elast 120(1):87–10810.1007/s10659-014-9506-1 ↗
50. Van Tendeloo G et al (1993) Structures and phase transitions in C60 and C70 fullerites. Ultramicroscopy 51(1):168–18810.1016/0304-3991(93)90145-N ↗
51. Komatsu T, Tachibana M, Kojima K (2001) Plastic deformation of C60 single crystals. Philos Mag A 81(3):659–66610.1080/01418610108212165 ↗