journal article·2021-06

Coarsening behavior of precipitate Al3(Sc,Zr) in supersaturated Al-Sc-Zr alloy via melt spinning and extrusion

Yang Yang, Joseph J. Licavoli, Stephen A. Hackney, Paul G. Sanders

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 18
Publisher page

Abstract

Al-Sc-Zr alloy contains precipitate Al(Sc,Zr) shows good coarsening resistance due to the small diffusivities of Sc and Zr. Two supersaturated Al-0.4Sc-0.4Zr at% alloys were produced using melt-spinning and following extrusion. The coarsening behavior of supersaturated Al-0.4Sc-0.4Zr at% alloys was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Accelerated coarsening was observed in the extruded melt-spun ribbon with larger precipitate size and higher precipitate volume fraction than in melt-spun ribbon. The accelerated effective diffusivity after extrusion was explicitly linked to the initially refined extruded microstructure. Precipitate volume fraction and chemical composition in both melt-spun ribbon and extruded rod during annealing were quantified with the help of STEM and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Precipitate size and number density were predicted using Umantsev-Olson-Kuehman-Voorhees model for ternary alloys, and the predictions showed good agreement with experimental results by considering changes in diffusivity and precipitate volume fraction.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Microstructure and mechanical properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (58)

Show source-provided references
1. Fuller CB, Seidman DN, Dunand DC (2003) Mechanical properties of Al (Sc, Zr) alloys at ambient and elevated temperatures. Acta Mater 51(16):4803–481410.1016/S1359-6454(03)00320-3 ↗
2. Knipling KE, Seidman DN, Dunand DC (2011) Ambient- and high- temperature mechanical properties of isochronally aged Al-0.06Sc, Al-0.06 Zr, and Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr Alloys (at%). Acta Mater 59(3):943–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.10.01710.1016/j.actamat.2010.10.017 ↗
3. Novotny GM, Ardell AJ (2001) Precipitation of Al3Sc in binary Al–Sc alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 318(1–2):144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01326-010.1016/S0921-5093(01)01326-0 ↗
4. Knipling KE, Karnesky RA, Lee CP, Dunand DC, Seidman DN (2010) Precipitation evolution in Al-0.1Sc, Al-0.1Zr, and Al-0.1Sc-0.1Zr (at%) alloys during isochronal aging. Acta Mater 58(15):5184–5195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.05410.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.054 ↗
5. Clouet E, Laé L, Épicier T, Lefebvre W, Nastar M, Deschamps A (2006) Complex precipitation pathways in multicomponent alloys. Nat Mater 5(6):482–488. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat165210.1038/nmat1652 ↗
6. Knipling KE, Dunand DC (2008) Creep resistance of cast and aged Al–0.1Zr and Al–0.1Zr–0.1Ti (at.%) alloys at 300–400 °C. Scr Mater 59(4):387–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.05910.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.059 ↗
7. Fujikawa S-I (1996) Solid state diffusion in light metals. I. J Jpn Inst Light Metals (Jpn) 46(4):202–21510.2464/jilm.46.202 ↗
8. Grammatikakis JG, Eftaxias K, Patapis S, Hadjicontis V (1988) A simple model applied to the elastic properties of the lead-thallium and magnesium-lithium alloys. J Phys Chem Solids 49(8):965–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(88)90014-510.1016/0022-3697(88)90014-5 ↗
9. Hirano K, Fujikawa SI (1978) Impurity diffusion in aluminum. J Nucl Mater 69:564–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(78)90275-110.1016/0022-3115(78)90275-1 ↗
10. Fujikawa S, Hirano K, Fukushima Y (1978) Diffusion of silicon in aluminum. MTA 9(12):1811–1815. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0266341210.1007/BF02663412 ↗
11. Fujikawa SI, Hirano K (1991) Impurity-diffusion of copper in aluminum. Defect Diffus Forum 66–69:44710.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.66-69.447 ↗
12. Tolley A, Radmilovic V, Dahmen U (2005) Segregation in Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates in Al–Sc–Zr alloys. Scr Mater 52(7):621–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.02110.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.021 ↗
13. Voorhees P (2006) Alloys: scandium overtakes zirconium. Nat Mater 5:435–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat166310.1038/nmat1663 ↗
14. Marquis EA, Seidman DN (2001) Nanoscale structural evolution of Al3Sc precipitates in Al(Sc) alloys. Acta Mater 49(11):1909–1919. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00116-110.1016/S1359-6454(01)00116-1 ↗
15. Okamoto H (2002) Al-Zr (Aluminum-Zirconium). J Phase Equilib 23:455–45610.1361/105497102770331497 ↗
16. Murray JL (1998) The Al-Sc (aluminum-scandium) system. JPE 19(4):380–384. https://doi.org/10.1361/10549719877034212010.1361/105497198770342120 ↗
17. Murray J, Peruzzi A, Abriata JP (1992) The Al-Zr (aluminum-zirconium) system. JPE 13(3):277–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0266755610.1007/BF02667556 ↗
18. Yin Z, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Jiang F (2000) Effect of minor Sc and Zr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg based alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 280(1):151–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00682-610.1016/S0921-5093(99)00682-6 ↗
19. Knipling KE, Dunand DC, Seidman DN (2006) Criteria for developing castable, creep-resistant aluminum-based alloys–A review. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 97(3):246–26510.3139/146.101249 ↗
20. Aziz MJ (1982) Model for solute redistribution during rapid solidification. J Appl Phys 53(2):1158–1168. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.32986710.1063/1.329867 ↗
21. Toropova LS (1998) Advanced aluminum alloys containing scandium: structure and properties. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, London
22. Yang Y, Licavoli JJ, Sanders PG (2020) Improved strengthening in supersaturated Al-Sc-Zr alloy via melt-spinning and extrusion. J Alloy Compd 826:154185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15418510.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154185 ↗
23. Kawamura Y, Inoue A, Sasamori K, Masumoto T (1993) High-strength powder metallurgy aluminum alloys in glass-forming Al-Ni-Ce-(Ti or Zr) systems. Scr Metall Mater 29(2):275–28010.1016/0956-716X(93)90322-J ↗
24. Szymański W, Bigaj M, Gawlik M, Mitka M, Szymanek M (2014) Consolidation by continuous rotary extrusion of aluminium alloys cast by the melt spinning process. Arch Metall Mater. https://doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-005010.2478/amm-2014-0050 ↗
25. Zribi Z, Ktari HH, Herbst F, Optasanu V, Njah N (2019) EBSD, XRD and SRS characterization of a casting Al-7wt%Si alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion: dislocation density evaluation. Mater Charact 153:190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.04.04410.1016/j.matchar.2019.04.044 ↗
26. Berndt N, Frint P, Wagner MF-X (2018) Influence of extrusion temperature on the aging behavior and mechanical properties of an AA6060 aluminum alloy. Metals 8(1):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/met801005110.3390/met8010051 ↗
27. Lifshitz IM, Slyozov VV (1961) The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 19(1):35–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-310.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3 ↗
28. C. Wagner, “Theorie der Alterung von Niederschlägen durch Umlösen (Ostwald-Reifung),” Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, vol. 65, no. 7–8, pp. 581–591, 1961, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.1961065070410.1002/bbpc.19610650704 ↗
29. Umantsev A, Olson GB (1993) Ostwald ripening in multicomponent alloys. Scr Metall Mater 29(8):1135–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(93)90191-T10.1016/0956-716X(93)90191-T ↗
30. Kuehmann CJ, Voorhees PW (1996) Ostwald ripening in ternary alloys. MMTA 27(4):937–943. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0264976110.1007/BF02649761 ↗
31. Forbord B, Hallem H, Røyset J, Marthinsen K (2008) Thermal stability of Al3(Scx, Zr1−x)-dispersoids in extruded aluminium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 475(1):241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.05410.1016/j.msea.2007.04.054 ↗
32. Fuller C, Seidman D (2005) Temporal evolution of the nanostructure of Al(Sc, Zr) alloys: Part II-coarsening of Al(ScZr) precipitates. Acta Mater 53:5415–5428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.08.01510.1016/j.actamat.2005.08.015 ↗
33. Ashby MF, Brown LM (1963) Diffraction contrast from spherically symmetrical coherency strains. Philos Mag A J Theor Exp Appl Phys 8(91):1083–1103. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478643630820733810.1080/14786436308207338 ↗
34. Ashby MF, Brown LM (1963) On diffraction contrast from inclusions. Philos Mag A J Theor Exp Appl Phys 8(94):1649–1676. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478643630820732910.1080/14786436308207329 ↗
35. Yang Y, Mukherjee P, Sanders P (2019) Precipitation hardening via chemically ordered L12 precipitates in Al-Sc-Zr Alloys— new insights using combined STEM and EDS study. Microsc Microanal 25(S2):2188–2189. https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761901167X10.1017/S143192761901167X ↗
36. Campbell CE, Bendersky LA, Boettinger WJ, Ivester R (2006) Microstructural characterization of Al-7075-T651 chips and work pieces produced by high-speed machining. Mater Sci Eng, A 430(1):15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.12210.1016/j.msea.2006.04.122 ↗
37. Brown AM, Ashby MF (1980) Correlations for diffusion constants. Acta Metall 28(8):1085–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(80)90092-910.1016/0001-6160(80)90092-9 ↗
38. Balluffi RW (1970) On measurements of self-diffusion rates along dislocations in F.C.C. Metals. Phys Status Solidi (b) 42(1):11–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.1970042010210.1002/pssb.19700420102 ↗
39. Murch G, Nowick A (1984) Diffusion in crystalline solids. Academic Press Inc, Orlando, Florida, p 482
40. Footner PK, Richards BP (1982) Long — term growth of superalloy γ′ particles. J Mater Sci 17(7):2141–2153. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0054043310.1007/BF00540433 ↗
41. R. Wagner, R. Kampmann, P. W. Voorhees, and G. Kostorz, “Homogeneous Second Phase Precipitation: Phase Transformations in Materials Science and Technology,” 2001, Accessed: Feb. 08, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/homogeneous-second-phase-precipitation-phase-transformations-in-m.10.1002/352760264X.ch5 ↗
42. Balanda KP, MacGillivray HL (1988) Kurtosis: a critical review. Am Stat 42(2):111–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/268448210.2307/2684482 ↗
43. D. Dugar, “Skew and Kurtosis: 2 Important Statistics terms you need to know in Data Science,” Medium, Jul. 18, 2020. https://codeburst.io/2-important-statistics-terms-you-need-to-know-in-data-science-skewness-and-kurtosis-388fef94eeaa Accessed from 28 Jul 2020.
44. Ardell AJ (1972) The effect of volume fraction on particle coarsening: theoretical considerations. Acta Metall 20(1):61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(72)90114-910.1016/0001-6160(72)90114-9 ↗
45. H. Okamoto, Phase Diagrams of Dilute Binary Alloys. ASM International, 2002.
46. Fujikawa SI (1997) Impurity diffusion of scandium in aluminium. Defect Diffus Forum 143–147:115–12010.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.143-147.115 ↗
47. Deschamps A, Lae L, Guyot P (2007) In situ small-angle scattering study of the precipitation kinetics in an Al–Zr–Sc alloy. Acta Mater 55(8):2775–2783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.12.01510.1016/j.actamat.2006.12.015 ↗
48. Sen PK (1968) Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall’s Tau. J Am Stat Assoc 63(324):1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.1048093410.1080/01621459.1968.10480934 ↗
49. H. Theil, “A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. I,” Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Proc., vol. 53, pp. 386–392 = Indagationes Math. 12, 85–91 (1950), 1950.
50. Fuller CB, Murray JL, Seidman DN (2005) Temporal evolution of the nanostructure of Al(Sc, Zr) alloys: part I - chemical compositions of Al3(Sc1−xZrx) precipitates. Acta Mater 53(20):5401–5413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.08.01610.1016/j.actamat.2005.08.016 ↗
51. Shewmon P (1991) Diffusion in Solids, 2nd edn. Wiley-TMS, Warrendale
52. Srinivasan S, Desch PB, Schwarz RB (1991) Metastable phases in the Al3X (X = Ti, Zr, and Hf) intermetallic system. Scr Metall Mater 25(11):2513–2516. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(91)90059-A10.1016/0956-716X(91)90059-A ↗
53. Vecchio KS, Williams DB (1987) Convergent beam electron diffraction study of Al3Zr in Al-Zr AND Al-Li-Zr alloys. Acta Metall 35(12):2959–2970. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(87)90295-110.1016/0001-6160(87)90295-1 ↗
54. Doi M, Miyazaki T, Wakatsuki T (1984) The effect of elastic interaction energy on the morphology of γ′precipitates in nickel-based alloys. Mater Sci Eng 67(2):247–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(84)90056-910.1016/0025-5416(84)90056-9 ↗
55. Ardell AJ (1985) Precipitation hardening. MTA 16(12):2131–2165. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0267041610.1007/BF02670416 ↗
56. Malis T, Cheng SC, Egerton RF (1988) EELS log-ratio technique for specimen-thickness measurement in the TEM. J Electron Microsc Tech 8(2):193–200. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.106008020610.1002/jemt.1060080206 ↗
57. D. Ashby, “Practical statistics for medical research. Douglas G. Altman, Chapman and Hall, London, 1991. No. of pages: 611. Price: £32.00,” Statistics in Medicine, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1635–1636, 1991, doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.478010101510.1002/sim.4780101015 ↗
58. Balluffi RW, Allen SM, Carter WC, Kemper RA (2005) Kinetics of materials. Wiley, Hoboken10.1002/0471749311 ↗