journal article·2017-06

Monitoring of stress–strain evolution in thin films by reflection anisotropy spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Andreas Wyss, Alla S. Sologubenko, Nilesha Mishra, Patric A. Gruber, Ralph Spolenak

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 52· Issue 11
Publisher page

Abstract

Journal of Materials Science, 52 (11)
The source flagged this abstract for review. Check formulas and completeness against the original publication.
Source: openaire · Quality: needs review · Source record ↗
Source flags: short_text

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Copper Interconnects and Reliability · Microstructure and mechanical properties · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (45)

Show source-provided references
1. Hoefflinger B (2012) ITRS: the international technology roadmap for semiconductors. In: Hoefflinger B (ed) Chips 2020: a guide to the future of nanoelectronics. Springer, Berlin, pp 161–17410.1007/978-3-642-23096-7 ↗
2. White MS et al (2013) Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs. Nat Photon 7(10):811–81610.1038/nphoton.2013.188 ↗
3. Forrest SR (2004) The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic. Nature 428(6986):911–91810.1038/nature02498 ↗
4. Abad E et al (2007) Flexible tag microlab development: Gas sensors integration in RFID flexible tags for food logistic. Sens Actuators B Chem 127(1):2–710.1016/j.snb.2007.07.007 ↗
5. Kaltenbrunner M et al (2012) Ultrathin and lightweight organic solar cells with high flexibility. Nat Commun 3:77010.1038/ncomms1772 ↗
6. Zysset C et al (2013) Textile integrated sensors and actuators for near-infrared spectroscopy. Opt Express 21(3):3213–322410.1364/OE.21.003213 ↗
7. Nix WD (1989) Mechanical properties of thin films. Metall Trans A 20(11):2217–224510.1007/BF02666659 ↗
8. Gruber PA et al (2008) Size effects on yield strength and strain hardening for ultra-thin Cu films with and without passivation: a study by synchrotron and bulge test techniques. Acta Mater 56(10):2318–233510.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.027 ↗
9. Frank S et al (2009) The relationship between thin film fragmentation and buckle formation: synchrotron-based in situ studies and two-dimensional stress analysis. Acta Mater 57(5):1442–145310.1016/j.actamat.2008.11.023 ↗
10. Badawi KF et al (2002) Measuring thin film and multilayer elastic constants by coupling in situ tensile testing with X-ray diffraction. Appl Phys Lett 80(25):4705–470710.1063/1.1488701 ↗
11. Böhm J et al (2004) Tensile testing of ultrathin polycrystalline films: a synchrotron-based technique. Rev Sci Instrum 75(4):1110–111910.1063/1.1669124 ↗
12. Kraft O, Hommel M, Arzt E (2000) X-ray diffraction as a tool to study the mechanical behaviour of thin films. Mater Sci Eng A 288(2):209–21610.1016/S0921-5093(00)00876-5 ↗
13. Süess MJ et al (2014) Power-dependent raman analysis of highly strained Si nanobridges. Nano Lett 14(3):1249–125410.1021/nl404152r ↗
14. Lu N, Suo Z, Vlassak JJ (2010) The effect of film thickness on the failure strain of polymer-supported metal films. Acta Mater 58(5):1679–168710.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.010 ↗
15. Berger J et al (2016) Effect of microstructure on the electro-mechanical behaviour of Cu films on polyimide. JOM 68(6):1640–164610.1007/s11837-016-1940-z ↗
16. Pharr GM, Oliver WC (1992) Measurement of thin film mechanical properties using nanoindentation. MRS Bull 17(07):28–3310.1557/S0883769400041634 ↗
17. Van Petegem S et al (2013) Deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline metals: insights from in situ diffraction and crystal plasticity modelling. Thin Solid Films 530:20–2410.1016/j.tsf.2012.03.053 ↗
18. Lohmiller J et al (2013) Differentiation of deformation modes in nanocrystalline Pd films inferred from peak asymmetry evolution using in situ X-ray diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 110(6):06610110.1103/PhysRevLett.110.066101 ↗
19. Lohmiller J et al (2013) The effect of solute segregation on strain localization in nanocrystalline thin films: dislocation glide vs. grain-boundary mediated plasticity. Appl Phys Lett 102(24):24191610.1063/1.4811743 ↗
20. Weightman P et al (2005) Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. Rep Prog Phys 68(6):1251–134110.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R01 ↗
21. Denk R et al (2014) Exciton-dominated optical response of ultra-narrow graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 5:1–710.1038/ncomms5253 ↗
22. Rönnow D et al (1999) Determination of the piezo-optical properties of semiconductors above the fundamental gap by means of reflectance difference spectroscopy. J Opt Soc Am A 16(3):568–57310.1364/JOSAA.16.000568 ↗
23. Denk R, Hohage M, Zeppenfeld P (2009) Extremely sharp spin reorientation transition in ultrathin Ni films grown on Cu (110)—(2 × 1) O. Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys 79(7):1–410.1103/PhysRevB.79.073407 ↗
24. Hohage M, Sun LD, Zeppenfeld P (2005) Reflectance difference spectroscopy—a powerful tool to study adsorption and growth. Appl Phys A 80(5):1005–101010.1007/s00339-004-3128-6 ↗
25. Sun L et al (2012) Layer resolved evolution of the optical properties of α-sexithiophene thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14(39):13651–1365510.1039/c2cp42270k ↗
26. Cole RJ et al (2003) Stress-induced optical anisotropy in polycrystalline copper studied by reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. J Phys D Appl Phys 36(21):L115–L11810.1088/0022-3727/36/21/L02 ↗
27. Wyss A et al (2015) Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy as a tool for mechanical characterization of metallic thin films. J Phys D Appl Phys 48(41):41530310.1088/0022-3727/48/41/415303 ↗
28. Hoffmann S et al (2007) Fracture strength and Young’s modulus of ZnO nanowires. Nanotechnology 18(20):20550310.1088/0957-4484/18/20/205503 ↗
29. Olliges S et al (2011) Thermo mechanical properties and plastic deformation of gold nanolines and gold thin films. Mater Sci Eng A 528(19–20):6203–620910.1016/j.msea.2011.04.041 ↗
30. Toraya H (1990) Array-type universal profile function for powder pattern fitting. J Appl Crystallogr 23(6):485–49110.1107/S002188989000704X ↗
31. Acher O, Drévillon B (1992) A reflectance anisotropy spectrometer for real-time measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 63(11):5332–533910.1063/1.1143398 ↗
32. Ames M, Markmann J, Birringer R (2010) Mechanical testing via dominant shear deformation of small-sized specimen. Mater Sci Eng A 528(1):526–53210.1016/j.msea.2010.09.049 ↗
33. Bragg WH, Bragg WL (1913) The reflection of X-rays by crystals. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 88(605):428–43810.1098/rspa.1913.0040 ↗
34. Withers PJ, Bhadeshia HKDH (2001) Residual stress. Part 1—Measurement techniques. Mater Sci Technol 17(4):355–36510.1179/026708301101509980 ↗
35. Ashby MF, Jones DRH (1980) Engineering materials an introduction to their properties and applications, vol 34. Pergamon Press, London, p 78
36. Huang H, Spaepen F (2000) Tensile testing of free-standing Cu, Ag and Al thin films and Ag/Cu multilayers. Acta Mater 48(12):3261–326910.1016/S1359-6454(00)00128-2 ↗
37. Heinen D, Bohn HG, Schilling W (1995) On the mechanical strength of free-standing and substrate-bonded Al thin films. J Appl Phys 77(8):3742–374510.1063/1.358546 ↗
38. Kim HS, Bush MB (1999) The effects of grain size and porosity on the elastic modulus of nanocrystalline materials. Nanostruct Mater 11(3):361–36710.1016/S0965-9773(99)00052-5 ↗
39. Yu DYW, Spaepen F (2004) The yield strength of thin copper films on Kapton. J Appl Phys 95(6):2991–299710.1063/1.1644634 ↗
40. Kiener D et al (2011) In situ nanocompression testing of irradiated copper. Nat Mater 10(8):608–61310.1038/nmat3055 ↗
41. Xiang Y, Vlassak JJ (2005) Bauschinger effect in thin metal films. Scripta Mater 53(2):177–18210.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.048 ↗
42. Laws N, Brockenbrough JR (1987) The effect of micro-crack systems on the loss of stiffness of brittle solids. Int J Solids Struct 23(9):1247–126810.1016/0020-7683(87)90104-1 ↗
43. Olliges S et al (2009) Thermomechanical properties of gold nanowires supported on a flexible substrate. Scripta Mater 60(5):273–27610.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.08.046 ↗
44. Gruber PA et al (2008) Temperature dependence of mechanical properties in ultrathin Au films with and without passivation. J Mater Res 23(9):2406–241910.1557/jmr.2008.0292 ↗
45. Chung KJ, Lin CF, Chiang WC (2013) Mechanical behavior of copper thin films subjected to various strain rate loadings. Trans Can Soc Mech Eng 37(3):861–87110.1139/tcsme-2013-0073 ↗