DataVXACS Applied Electronic MaterialsPaper
journal article·2024-07-22Open access

Controllable Synthesis of Defective TiO2 Nanorods for Efficient Hydrogen Production

Congcong Xing, Linlin Yang, Maria Chiara Spadaro, Yu Zhang, Pablo Guardia, Jordi Arbiol, Tianqi Liu, Xiaolei Fan, Marcos Fernández-García, Jordi Llorca, Andreu Cabot

ACS Applied Electronic Materials
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Abstract

Nanorods (NRs), with their high atomic surface exposure within a crystalline architecture, facilitate effective diffusion/transport of charge, rendering them particularly suitable for applications requiring both interaction with the media and charge transfer. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to produce brookite-phase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NRs with tunable defects and narrow size distributions by utilizing methylamine hydrochloride and 1,2-hexadecanediol as shape-directing agents. The presence of the Ti 3+ defect was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and its effect on the photocatalytic properties of TiO 2, with and without Pt loading, show that the longest TiO 2 NRs provide the highest photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production activity. Transient photocurrent response analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky analysis plots indicate that an increase in temperature significantly reduces the interface barrier and lowers the transport resistance, leading to a 104% improvement in hydrogen production rates from 25 to 60 °C for the longest TiO 2 NRs. This study underscores the critical role of the TiO 2 nanorod dimensions (18–45 nm) in elevating the hydrogen production efficiency. At 25 °C, rates surged from 1.6 to 2.6 mmol g –1 h –1, and at 60 °C, rates soared from 3.3 to 5.3 mmol g –1 h –1, demonstrating the substantial impact of TiO 2 NRs on enhancing hydrogen generation.
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Research context

NanomaterialsCatalysis & surfaces

OpenAlex topics: TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · Catalytic Processes in Materials Science · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006 Wenzhou, China

Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain

Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08019 Barcelona, Spain

Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

CSIC and BIST, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain

Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom

Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Funding

Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities · European Commission · Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci??n · Ministerio de Econom??a y Competitividad · Centres de Recerca de Catalunya · Generalitat de Catalunya · China Scholarship Council · Wenzhou Research Project · Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University

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