Devitrification and microstructural coarsening of a fluoride-containing barium aluminosilicate glass

Barium aluminosilicate (BAS) glass-ceramics have the potential to be used in the production of cast prostheses for biomedical applications because of their radiopacity and increased strength compared with traditional feldspathic porcelains. It is essential to understand the crystallization kinetics of these materials in order to fabricate products with increased fracture resistance rapidly. It was hypothesized that the addition of fluoride (F) to the composition of BAS glass would reduce the necessary processing time and temperatures by obviating the need for a separate crystal nucleation treatment. BASF glass was subjected to both linear non-isothermal and one-stage isothermal crystallization treatments, and the resulting glass-ceramics were characterized using x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and stereology. BASF glass had a low energy barrier to crystallization (397 kJ/mol) and transformed to 76 ± 2% crystallinity within 30 min at 975°C. A fine-grained microstructure was produced by bulk crystallization without the need for a separate crystal nucleation stage. After the initial crystal precipitation, the mean crystal size and mean free path between crystals increased over time at elevated temperature by a diffusion rate-limited coarsening mechanism.