Materials for high-temperature oxygen reduction in solid oxide fuel cells

Solid state ionic devices such as fuel cells and oxygen separation membranes require the adsorption of oxygen molecules, their dissociation into oxygen atoms, oxidation by charge exchange and entry of the resultant ion into the solid phase. The cathodes capable of sustaining these processes must themselves be stable in the high temperature environment of air with a significant water vapour content, and compatible chemically and mechanically with the contacting solid phase, normally an electrolyte. As charge transfer materials obviously a high electronic conductivity is imperative, and some degree of ionic conductivity can serve to delocalise the oxidation process, thus reducing polarisation. In the present review the evolution of these cathode materials and their present status will be presented.