Cellulose–graphene composite hydrogels (CGHs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.
Source: Not provided · Quality: missing
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Wei P, Wang L, Xie F et al (2022) Strong and tough cellulose–graphene oxide composite hydrogels by multi-modulus components strategy as photothermal antibacterial platform. Chem Eng J 431 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.13396410.1016/j.cej.2021.133964 ↗
2. Yang K, Chen M, Wang Q et al (2022) Electro-thermo controlled water valve based on 2D graphene-cellulose hydrogels. Adv Funct Mater 32(42):2201904. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20220190410.1002/adfm.202201904 ↗
3. Hussain S, Salman M, Farooq U et al (2024) Fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide/ZnO composite hydrogel for efficient removal of fuchsin dye from aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 277:134104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.13410410.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134104 ↗
4. Wang X, Wei W, Guo Z et al (2024) Organic–inorganic composite hydrogels: compositions, properties, and applications in regenerative medicine. Biomater Sci 12(5):1079–1114. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3BM01766D10.1039/D3BM01766D ↗
5. Buwalda SJ (2020) Bio-based composite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Multifunct Mater 3(2):022001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ab80d610.1088/2399-7532/ab80d6 ↗
6. Khoo PS, Ilyas RA, Aiman A et al (2024) Revolutionizing wastewater treatment: a review on the role of advanced functional bio-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 278:135088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.13508810.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135088 ↗
7. Bhaladhare S, Das D (2022) Cellulose: a fascinating biopolymer for hydrogel synthesis. J Mater Chem B 10(12):1923–1945. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TB02848K10.1039/D1TB02848K ↗
8. Kawee N, Lam NT, Sukyai P (2018) Homogenous isolation of individualized bacterial nanofibrillated cellulose by high pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 179:394–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.10110.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.101 ↗
9. Umbreen N, Sohni S, Ahmad I et al (2018) Self-assembled three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-based hydrogel for highly efficient and facile removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 527:356–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.01010.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.010 ↗
10. Chakraborty M, Hashmi MSJ, Ramadan M (2018) Potential of graphene for miniature sensors and conducting devices in biomedical applications, In: Olabi AG (ed) Encyclopedia of smart materials, Elsevier: Oxford. pp 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10320-010.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10320-0 ↗
11. Banerjee AN (2018) Graphene and its derivatives as biomedical materials: future prospects and challenges. Interface Focus 8(3):20170056. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.005610.1098/rsfs.2017.0056 ↗
12. Dai H, Zhang Y, Ma L et al (2019) Synthesis and response of pineapple peel carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 215:366–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.09010.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.090 ↗
13. Lu H, Zhang S, Guo L et al (2017) Applications of graphene-based composite hydrogels: a review. RSC Adv 7(80):51008–51020. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA09634H10.1039/C7RA09634H ↗
14. Chen X, Zhou S, Zhang L et al (2016) Adsorption of heavy metals by graphene oxide/cellulose hydrogel prepared from NaOH/urea aqueous solution. Materials 9(7):582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma907058210.3390/ma9070582 ↗
15. Xu M, Huang Q, Wang X et al (2015) Highly tough cellulose/graphene composite hydrogels prepared from ionic liquids. Ind Crops Prod 70:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.00410.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.004 ↗
16. Wang H, Li J, Ding N et al (2020) Eco-friendly polymer nanocomposite hydrogel enhanced by cellulose nanocrystal and graphitic-like carbon nitride nanosheet. Chem Eng J 386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12402110.1016/j.cej.2020.124021 ↗
17. Li JC, Zheng LF, Sha XH et al (2020) Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of graphene oxide-fly ash cenosphere hybrid reinforced epoxy resin composites. J Appl Polym Sci 137(2):47173. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4717310.1002/app.47173 ↗
18. Qu X, Xu N, Zhao L et al (2025) High-performance flexible zinc–air batteries enabled by carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide composite hydrogel electrolytes. New J Chem 49(18):7376–7383. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NJ00929D10.1039/D5NJ00929D ↗
19. Ray T, Das D, Pramanik G et al (2024) Fluorescent hydrogels of Zn2+ cross-linked cellulose-graphene-Brij composite for ultra-trace sensing of serum uric acid with high interfering triglyceride. Inorg Chim Acta 566:122010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2024.12201010.1016/j.ica.2024.122010 ↗
20. Goenka S, Sant V, Sant S (2014) Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Control Release 173:75–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.01710.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.017 ↗
21. Yu H, Feng W (2024) Carbon-based multifunctional nanomaterials. Nanomaterials 14(19):1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1419160010.3390/nano14191600 ↗
22. Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6(3):183–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat184910.1038/nmat1849 ↗
23. Sarath PS, Reghunath R, Thomas S et al (2023) 8 - Tribology of graphene-based polymeric systems. In: George SC et al. (eds.) Tribology of polymers, polymer composites, and polymer nanocomposites, Elsevier. pp 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90748-4.00009-110.1016/B978-0-323-90748-4.00009-1 ↗
24. Zhu Y, Kong G, Pan Y et al (2022) An improved hummers method to synthesize graphene oxide using much less concentrated sulfuric acid. Chin Chem Lett 33(10):4541–4544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.06010.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.060 ↗
25. Yadav S, Raman APS, Meena H et al (2022) An update on graphene oxide: applications and toxicity. ACS Omega 7(40):35387–35445. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c0317110.1021/acsomega.2c03171 ↗
26. Gholampour A, Kiamahalleh MV, Tran DNH et al (2017) From graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide: impact on the physiochemical and mechanical properties of graphene–cement composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(49):43275–43286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b1673610.1021/acsami.7b16736 ↗
27. Liu Z, Navik R, Tan H et al (2022) Graphene-based materials prepared by supercritical fluid technology and its application in energy storage. J Supercrit Fluids 188:105672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.10567210.1016/j.supflu.2022.105672 ↗
28. Valappil MO, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S (2017) Spotlighting graphene quantum dots and beyond: synthesis, properties and sensing applications. Appl Mater Today 9:350–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2017.09.00210.1016/j.apmt.2017.09.002 ↗
29. Zainal SH, Mohd NH, Suhaili N et al (2021) Preparation of cellulose-based hydrogel: a review. J Mater Res Technol 10:935–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.01210.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.012 ↗
30. Luo X, Zhang L (2013) New solvents and functional materials prepared from cellulose solutions in alkali/urea aqueous system. Food Res Int 52(1):387–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.05.01610.1016/j.foodres.2010.05.016 ↗
31. Song EH, Shang J, Ratner DM (2012) 9.08 - polysaccharides, in polymer science: a comprehensive reference, Matyjaszewski K, Möller M, Editors. 2012, Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp 137–15510.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00246-6 ↗
32. Tang Y, Fang Z, Lee HJ (2024) Exploring applications and preparation techniques for cellulose hydrogels: a comprehensive review. Gels 10(6):365. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels1006036510.3390/gels10060365 ↗
33. Fu LH, Qi C, Ma MG et al (2019) Multifunctional cellulose-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 7(10):1541–1562. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TB02331J10.1039/C8TB02331J ↗
34. Mazega A, Lehrhofer AF, Aguado RJ et al (2025) Key insights into TEMPO-mediated oxidation of cellulose: influence of starting material. Cellulose 32(9):5227–5246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06477-z10.1007/s10570-025-06477-z ↗
35. Erfanian E, Moaref R, Ajdary R et al (2023) Electrochemically synthesized graphene/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils hydrogels: highly conductive green inks for 3D printing of robust structured EMI shielding aerogels. Carbon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.11803710.1016/j.carbon.2023.118037 ↗
36. Rakhshaei R, Namazi H, Hamishehkar H et al (2020) Graphene quantum dot cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel for pH-sensitive oral anticancer drug delivery with potential bioimaging properties. Int J Biol Macromol 150:1121–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.11810.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.118 ↗
37. Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF (2012) Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:223–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.00910.1016/j.addr.2012.09.009 ↗
38. Shu R, Xu L, Guan Y (2024) Preparation of cellulose derived carbon/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogels for broadband and efficient microwave dissipation. J Colloid Interface Sci 675:401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.02610.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.026 ↗
39. Sun P, Wang M, Wu T et al (2023) Covalent crosslinking cellulose/graphene aerogels with high elasticity and adsorbability for heavy metal ions adsorption. Polymers 15(11):2434. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1511243410.3390/polym15112434 ↗
40. Saputra AH, Hapsari M, Pitaloka AB et al (2015) Synthesis and characterization of hydrogel from cellulose derivatives of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) through chemical cross-linking method by using citric acid. J Eng Sci Technol 10:75–86
41. Kayra N, Aytekin AÖ (2019) Synthesis of cellulose-based hydrogels: preparation, formation, mixture, and modification. In: Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels pp 407–43410.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_16 ↗
42. Bashir S, Hina M, Iqbal J et al (2020) Fundamental concepts of hydrogels: synthesis, properties, and their applications. Polymers 12(11):2702. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1211270210.3390/polym12112702 ↗
43. Estevam BR, Perez ID, Moraes ÂM et al (2023) A review of the strategies used to produce different networks in cellulose-based hydrogels. Mater Today Chem 34:101803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.10180310.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101803 ↗
44. Cheng H, Li Y, Wang B et al (2018) Chemical crosslinking reinforced flexible cellulose nanofiber-supported cryogel. Cellulose 25:573–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1548-710.1007/s10570-017-1548-7 ↗
45. Nasution H, Harahap H, Dalimunthe NF et al (2022) Hydrogel and effects of crosslinking agent on cellulose-based hydrogels: a review. Gels 8(9):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels809056810.3390/gels8090568 ↗
46. Luo H, Dong J, Xu X et al (2018) Exploring excellent dispersion of graphene nanosheets in three-dimensional bacterial cellulose for ultra-strong nanocomposite hydrogels. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 109:290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.03.00710.1016/j.compositesa.2018.03.007 ↗
47. Yang S, Fu S, Liu H et al (2011) Hydrogel beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose for removal heavy metal ions. J Appl Polym Sci 119(2):1204–1210. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.3282210.1002/app.32822 ↗
48. Huber T, Feast S, Dimartino S et al (2019) Analysis of the effect of processing conditions on physical properties of thermally set cellulose hydrogels. Materials (Basel) 12(7):1066–1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1207106610.3390/ma12071066 ↗
49. Wang H, Wu J, Qiu J et al (2019) In situ formation of a renewable cellulose hydrogel electrolyte for high-performance flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. Sustain Energy Fuels 3(11):3109–3115. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00339h10.1039/c9se00339h ↗
50. Gao Mh, Xie X, Huang T et al (2022) Glutaraldehyde-assisted crosslinking in regenerated cellulose films toward high dielectric and mechanical properties. Cellulose 29(15):8177–8194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04785-210.1007/s10570-022-04785-2 ↗
51. Treesuppharat W, Rojanapanthu P, Siangsanoh C et al (2017) Synthesis and characterization of bacterial cellulose and gelatin-based hydrogel composites for drug-delivery systems. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 15:84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2017.07.00210.1016/j.btre.2017.07.002 ↗
52. Pal K, Paulson AT, Rousseau D (2009) Biopolymers in controlled-release delivery systems. Elsevier. p 329–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374195-0.00016-110.1016/B978-0-12-374195-0.00016-1 ↗
53. Raucci MG, Alvarez-Perez MA, Demitri C et al (2014) Effect of citric acid crosslinking cellulose-based hydrogels on osteogenic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 103(6):2045–2056. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.3534310.1002/jbm.a.35343 ↗
54. Morais MAP, Silva M, Barros M et al (2024) Impact of citric acid on guar gum carboxymethylcellulose crosslinked blend films. J Appl Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.5616210.1002/app.56162 ↗
55. Xu L, Li Y, Fu J et al (2024) Advances in functional cellulose hydrogels as electrolytes for flexible Zinc-Ion batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 14(20):1645–1645. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1420164510.3390/nano14201645 ↗
56. Geng H (2018) A one-step approach to make cellulose-based hydrogels of various transparency and swelling degrees. Carbohydr Polym 186:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.03110.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.031 ↗
57. Qian L (2018) Cellulose-based composite hydrogels: preparation, structures, and applications p. 1–50. In: Mondal M (eds.) Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels. polymers and polymeric composites: a reference series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76573-0_23-110.1007/978-3-319-76573-0_23-1 ↗
58. Lin R, Xu R, Chen H et al (2023) Dual cross-linked starch hydrogel for eugenol encapsulation and the formation of hydrogen bonds on textural hydrogel. Carbohyd Polym 316:121044–121044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.12104410.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121044 ↗
59. Sannino A, Pappadà S, Madaghiele M et al (2005) Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives and hyaluronic acid with water-soluble carbodiimide. Polymer 46(25):11206–11212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.04810.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.048 ↗
60. Patiño-Ruiz D (2020) Fabricación de hidrogeles entrecruzados de carboximetil celulosa-SiO2: Composición y estabilidad térmica hacia aplicaciones biomédicas. IPSA Sci Rev Científ Multidiscip 5(1):60–71. https://doi.org/10.25214/27114406.93510.25214/27114406.935 ↗
61. Rumon MMH (2025) Advances in cellulose-based hydrogels: tunable swelling dynamics and their versatile real-time applications. RSC Adv 15(15):11688–11729. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00521C10.1039/D5RA00521C ↗
62. Nair SS, Zhu JY, Deng Y et al (2014) Hydrogels prepared from cross-linked nanofibrillated cellulose. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(4):772–780. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400445t10.1021/sc400445t ↗
63. Khan MUA, Stojanović GM, Rehman RA et al (2023) Graphene oxide-functionalized bacterial cellulose–gelatin hydrogel with curcumin release and kinetics: in vitro biological evaluation. ACS Omega 8(43):40024–40035. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c0682510.1021/acsomega.2c06825 ↗
64. Rehman N, Dilshad MR, Islam A et al (2021) Novel graphene oxide loaded sodium alginate hydrogels cross-linked with tetraethyl orthosilicate for cephradine release analysis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 66:102784–102784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.10278410.1016/j.jddst.2021.102784 ↗
65. Singh NK, Pramoda K, Gopalakrishnan K et al (2018) Synthesis, characterization, surface properties and energy device characterstics of 2D borocarbonitrides, (BN) x C 1–x, covalently cross-linked with sheets of other 2D materials. RSC Adv 8(31):17237–17253. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA01885E10.1039/C8RA01885E ↗
66. Gupta AS, Mukherjee K, Giri TK (2025) Borax cross-linked polysaccharide-based self-healing hydrogels for drug delivery and regenerative medicine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 105:106592–106592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.10659210.1016/j.jddst.2024.106592 ↗
67. Tanpichai S, Phoothong F, Boonmahitthisud A (2022) Superabsorbent cellulose-based hydrogels cross-liked with borax. Sci Rep 12(1):8920–8920. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12688-210.1038/s41598-022-12688-2 ↗
68. Dolfing J, Eekert Mv, Seech A et al (2007) In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) technologies: significance of low Eh reactions. Soil Sediment Contam 17(1):63–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/1532038070174143810.1080/15320380701741438 ↗
69. Chen Y, Pötschke P, Pionteck J et al (2018) Smart cellulose/graphene composites fabricated by in situ chemical reduction of graphene oxide for multiple sensing applications. J Mater Chem A 6(17):7777–7785. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00618K10.1039/C8TA00618K ↗
70. Adhikari B, Biswas A, Banerjee A (2012) Graphene oxide-based hydrogels to make metal nanoparticle-containing reduced graphene oxide-based functional hybrid hydrogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(10):5472–5482. https://doi.org/10.1021/am301373n10.1021/am301373n ↗
71. Peng H, Meng L, Niu L et al (2012) Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide by natural cellulose with the assistance of the ionic liquid. J Phys Chem C 116(30):16294–16299. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp304388910.1021/jp3043889 ↗
72. Urbina L, Eceiza A, Gabilondo N et al (2020) Tailoring the in situ conformation of bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide spherical nanocarriers. Int J Biol Macromol 163:1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.07710.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.077 ↗
73. Wang X, Wan K, Xie P et al (2021) Ultralight, high capacitance, mechanically strong graphene-cellulose aerogels. Molecules 26(16):4891. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2616489110.3390/molecules26164891 ↗
74. Zheng H, Zuo B (2021) Functional silk fibroin hydrogels: preparation, properties and applications. J Mater Chem B 9(5):1238–1258. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB02099K10.1039/D0TB02099K ↗
75. Babaluei M, Mojarab Y, Mottaghitalab F et al (2023) Injectable hydrogel based on silk fibroin/carboxymethyl cellulose/agarose containing polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide with conductivity, hemostasis, antibacterial, and anti-oxidant properties for full-thickness burn healing. Int J Biol Macromol 249:126051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.12605110.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126051 ↗
76. Haque SN, Bhuyan MM, Jeong JH (2024) Radiation-induced hydrogel for water treatment. Gels 10(6):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels1006037510.3390/gels10060375 ↗
77. Lu R, Dongliang L, Yuan Z et al (2021) Radiation preparation and mechanical properties of a high-strength graphene oxide/ highly substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel. J Radiat Res Radiat Process 39(6):29–38. https://doi.org/10.11889/j.1000-3436.2021.rrj.39.06120410.11889/j.1000-3436.2021.rrj.39.061204 ↗
78. Passornraprasit N, Siripongpreda T, Ninlapruk S et al (2022) γ-irradiation crosslinking of graphene oxide/cellulose nanofiber/poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel as a urea sensing patch. Int J Biol Macromol 213:1037–1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.05310.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.053 ↗
79. Kolhe A, Chauhan A, Dongre A (2022) A review on various methods for the cross-linking of polymers. Res J Pharmaceut Dosage Forms Technol 14(2):183–188. https://doi.org/10.52711/0975-4377.2022.0002910.52711/0975-4377.2022.00029 ↗
80. Batta-Mpouma J, Kandhola G, Sakon J et al (2022) Covalent crosslinking of colloidal cellulose nanocrystals for multifunctional nanostructured hydrogels with tunable physicochemical properties. Biomacromol 23(10):4085–4096. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.2c0041710.1021/acs.biomac.2c00417 ↗
81. De France KJ, Chan KJW, Cranston ED et al (2016) Enhanced mechanical properties in cellulose nanocrystal–poly (oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) injectable nanocomposite hydrogels through control of physical and chemical cross-linking. Biomacromol 17(2):649–660. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b0159810.1021/acs.biomac.5b01598 ↗
82. Zhang T, Zuo T, Hu D et al (2017) Dual physically cross-linked nanocomposite hydrogels reinforced by tunicate cellulose nanocrystals with high toughness and good self-recoverability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(28):24230–24237. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b0621910.1021/acsami.7b06219 ↗
83. Jamshaid U, Anton N, Elhassan M et al (2024) Novel hydrogels based on the nano-emulsion formulation process: development, rheological characterization, and study as a drug delivery system. Pharmaceutics 16(6):812. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics1606081210.3390/pharmaceutics16060812 ↗
84. Işıklan N, Aytekin H, Sonkaya Ö et al (2025) Multi-stimuli-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/κ-carrageenan nanogels integrated with magnetic graphene oxide for colon-specific delivery of sunitinib. Cellulose 32(11):6727–6751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06635-310.1007/s10570-025-06635-3 ↗
85. Waresindo WX, Luthfianti HR, Priyanto A et al (2023) Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications. Mater Res Express 10(2):024003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/acb98e10.1088/2053-1591/acb98e ↗
86. Bernal-Chávez SA et al (2023) Enhancing chemical and physical stability of pharmaceuticals using freeze-thaw method: challenges and opportunities for process optimization through quality by design approach. J Biol Eng 17(1):3510.1186/s13036-023-00353-9 ↗
87. Rui-Hong X, Romero-Montero A, Hernández-Parra H et al (2016) Preparation and properties of graphene oxide-regenerated cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with pH-sensitive behavior. Carbohyd Polym 138:222–228. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-023-00353-910.1186/s13036-023-00353-9 ↗
88. Odziomek K, Drabczyk AK, Kościelniak P et al (2024) The role of freeze-drying as a multifunctional process in improving the properties of hydrogels for medical use. Pharmaceuticals 17(11):1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph1711151210.3390/ph17111512 ↗
89. Liu H, Pan B, Wang Q et al (2021) Crucial roles of graphene oxide in preparing alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose double network composites hydrogels. Chemosphere 263:128240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.12824010.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128240 ↗
90. Sohni S, Abdullah BEM et al (2025) Evaluating catalytic and antibacterial properties of composite hydrogel based on biomimetically synthesized CeO(2) nanoparticles anchored onto microcrystalline cellulose/reduced graphene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 306(Pt 4):141749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.14174910.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141749 ↗
91. Luo H, Dong J, Yao F et al (2018) Layer-by-layer assembled bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide hydrogels with extremely enhanced mechanical properties. Nano-Micro Lett 10(3):42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0195-310.1007/s40820-018-0195-3 ↗
92. Zhao D, Huang J, Zhong Y et al (2016) High-strength and high-toughness double-cross-linked cellulose hydrogels: a new strategy using sequential chemical and physical cross-linking. Adv Funct Mater 26(34):6279–6287. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20160164510.1002/adfm.201601645 ↗
93. Zhang H, Gan X, Yan Y et al (2024) A sustainable dual cross-linked cellulose hydrogel electrolyte for high-performance zinc-metal batteries. Nano-Micro Lett 16(1):106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01329-010.1007/s40820-024-01329-0 ↗
94. Shen Y, Zhang X, Su J et al (2023) Significantly enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of cellulose-based composites by adding small amounts of lysozyme-modified graphene nanoplatelets via forming strong double-cross-linked interface interactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 15(36):43159–43168. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c0819510.1021/acsami.3c08195 ↗
95. Khabibullin A, Alizadehgiashi M, Khuu N et al (2017) Injectable shear-thinning fluorescent hydrogel formed by cellulose nanocrystals and graphene quantum dots. Langmuir 33(43):12344–12350. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b0290610.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02906 ↗
96. Zheng ALT, Sabidi S, Ohno T et al (2022) Cu2O/TiO2 decorated on cellulose nanofiber/reduced graphene hydrogel for enhanced photocatalytic activity and its antibacterial applications. Chemosphere 286:131731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.13173110.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131731 ↗
97. Youssef AM, Hasanin MS, El-Aziz MEA et al (2021) Conducting chitosan/hydroxylethyl cellulose/polyaniline bionanocomposites hydrogel based on graphene oxide doped with Ag-NPs. Int J Biol Macromol 167:1435–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.09710.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.097 ↗
98. Chen Z, Pan Y, Cai P (2022) Sugarcane cellulose-based composite hydrogel enhanced by g-C(3)N(4) nanosheet for selective removal of organic dyes from water. Int J Biol Macromol 205:37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.03510.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.035 ↗
99. Parvaneh S, Pourmadadi M, Abdouss M et al (2023) Carboxymethyl cellulose/starch/reduced graphene oxide composite as a pH-sensitive nanocarrier for curcumin drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 241:124566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.12456610.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124566 ↗
100. Ostovar S, Pourmadadi M, Zaker MA (2023) Co-biopolymer of chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel improved by zinc oxide and graphene quantum dots nanoparticles as pH-sensitive nanocomposite for quercetin delivery to brain cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 253(4):127091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.12709110.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127091 ↗