journal article·2021-12

Edge reconfiguration of N, P-codoped carbon boosts oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Qingxue Lai, Keyan Wei, Zeming Tang, Xingjiang Liu, Jing Zheng, Yanyu Liang

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 35
Publisher page

Abstract

Conversion of heteroatom-doped sites to carbon defects has been developed recently as an efficient strategy to build advanced metal-free carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, precise control of the configuration conversion to achieve highly active ORR configurations still remains a great challenge to date. Herein, an edge reconfiguration strategy was proposed for N, P-codoped carbon (NPC) to build heteroatom-doped defective carbon system for ORR. Through the thermally induced edge reconfiguration, the ORR activity, 4e− selectivity and stability of prepared NPC materials were significantly improved. Physical characterizations demonstrated that a half of N sites dominated with edge configurations and most P sites were converted to edge carbon defects. The finally econfigured edge nanostructures, consisting of abundant carbon defects, N-doped sites and graphitization-enhanced bulk carbon skeleton, were largely responsible for the improved ORR performance. This work will make an important contribution to the understanding of the edge configuration conversion mechanism and establishment of reasonable design principles of defective carbon-based nanomaterials for extensive electrocatalytic applications.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (44)

Show source-provided references
1. Zhu C, Li H, Fu S, Du D, Lin Y (2016) Highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction based on three-dimensional porous carbon nanostructures. Chem Soc Rev 45(3):517–531. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00670H10.1039/C5CS00670H ↗
2. Liu X, Dai L (2016) Carbon-based metal-free catalysts. Nat Rev Mater 1(11):16064. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.6410.1038/natrevmats.2016.64 ↗
3. Gong K, Du F, Xia Z, Durstock M, Dai L (2009) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Science 323(5915):760–764. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.116804910.1126/science.1168049 ↗
4. Zhao Y, Yang L, Chen S, Wang X, Ma Y, Wu Q et al (2013) Can boron and nitrogen co-doping improve oxygen reduction reaction activity of carbon nanotubes? J Am Chem Soc 135(4):1201–1204. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja310566z10.1021/ja310566z ↗
5. Dai L, Xue Y, Qu L, Choi HJ, Baek JB (2015) Metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Rev 115(11):4823–4892. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500356310.1021/cr5003563 ↗
6. Dai L (2017) Carbon-based catalysts for metal-free electrocatalysis. Curr Opin Electrochem 4(1):18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2017.06.00410.1016/j.coelec.2017.06.004 ↗
7. Paul R, Dai Q, Hu C, Dai L (2019) Ten years of carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts. Carbon Energy 1(1):19–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.510.1002/cey2.5 ↗
8. Zhang J, Xia Z, Dai L (2015) Carbon-based electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage. Sci Adv 1(7):e1500564. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.150056410.1126/sciadv.1500564 ↗
9. Ortizmedina J, Wang Z, Cruzsilva R, Morelosgomez A, Wang F, Yao X et al (2019) Defect engineering and surface functionalization of nanocarbons for metal-free catalysis. Advanced Materials 31(13):1805717. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805717|10.1002/adma.201805717| ↗
10. Yan X, Jia Y, Yao X (2018) Defects on carbons for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Chem Soc Rev 47(20):7628–7658. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00690J10.1039/C7CS00690J ↗
11. Shen A, Zou Y, Wang Q, Dryfe RAW, Huang X, Dou S et al (2014) Oxygen reduction reaction in a droplet on graphite: direct evidence that the edge is more active than the basal plane. Angew Chem Int Ed 53(40):10804–10808. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20140669510.1002/anie.201406695 ↗
12. Jiang Y, Yang L, Sun T, Zhao J, Lyu Z, Zhuo O et al (2015) Significant contribution of intrinsic carbon defects to oxygen reduction activity. ACS Catal 5(11):6707–6712. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b0183510.1021/acscatal.5b01835 ↗
13. Jia Y, Zhang L, Du A, Gao G, Chen J, Yan X et al (2016) Defect graphene as a trifunctional catalyst for electrochemical reactions. Adv Mater 28(43):9532–9538. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160291210.1002/adma.201602912 ↗
14. Jeon IY, Choi HJ, Jung SM, Seo JM, Kim MJ, Dai L et al (2013) Large-scale production of edge-selectively functionalized graphene nanoplatelets via ball milling and their use as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J Am Chem Soc 135(4):1386–1393. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja309164310.1021/ja3091643 ↗
15. Dong Y, Lin X, Wang D, Yuan R, Zhang S, Chen X et al (2020) Modulating the defects of graphene blocks by ball-milling for ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric performance and fast sodium storage. Energy Storage Mater 30:287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.05.01610.1016/j.ensm.2020.05.016 ↗
16. Liu Z, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Dou S, Yan D, Liu D et al (2017) In situ exfoliated, edge-rich, oxygen-functionalized graphene from carbon fibers for oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv Mater 29(18):1606207. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606207|10.1002/adma.201606207| ↗
17. Dou S, Tao L, Wang R, El Hankari S, Chen R, Wang S (2018) Plasma-assisted synthesis and surface modification of electrode materials for renewable energy. Adv Mater 30(21):1705850. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705850|10.1002/adma.201705850| ↗
18. Wang Q, Lei Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Feng J, Ma G et al (2018) Edge defect engineering of nitrogen-doped carbon for oxygen electrocatalysts in Zn–air batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(35):29448–29456. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0786310.1021/acsami.8b07863 ↗
19. Zhu J, Huang Y, Mei W, Zhao C, Zhang C, Zhang J et al (2019) Effects of intrinsic pentagon defects on electrochemical reactivity of carbon nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed 58(12):3859–3864. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20181380510.1002/anie.201813805 ↗
20. Tang C, Wang HF, Chen X, Li BQ, Hou TZ, Zhang B et al (2016) Topological defects in metal-free nanocarbon for oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv Mater 28(32):6845–6851. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20160140610.1002/adma.201601406 ↗
21. Wang H, Li XB, Gao L, Wu HL, Yang J, Cai L et al (2018) Three-dimensional graphene networks with abundant sharp edge sites for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed 57(1):192–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20170990110.1002/anie.201709901 ↗
22. Zhao X, Zou X, Yan X, Brown CL, Chen Z, Zhu G et al (2016) Defect-driven oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of carbon without any element doping. Inorgan Chem Front 3(3):417–421. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5QI00236B)10.1039/C5QI00236B) ↗
23. Zhao H, Sun C, Jin Z, Wang DW, Yan X, Chen Z et al (2015) Carbon for the oxygen reduction reaction: a defect mechanism. J Mater Chem A 3(22):11736–11739. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02229K10.1039/C5TA02229K ↗
24. Inagaki M, Tsumura T, Kinumoto T, Toyoda M (2019) Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) with comparative discussion to carbon materials. Carbon 141:580–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.08210.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.082 ↗
25. Zheng Y, Liu J, Liang J, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ (2012) Graphitic carbon nitride materials: controllable synthesis and applications in fuel cells and photocatalysis. Energy Environ Sci 5(5):6717–6731. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE03479D10.1039/C2EE03479D ↗
26. Brancatelli G, Colleoni C, Massafra MR, Rosace G (2011) Effect of hybrid phosphorus-doped silica thin films produced by sol-gel method on the thermal behavior of cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 96(4):483–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.01310.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.013 ↗
27. Ren Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Zeng Q, Gu Y (2017) Phosphorus-doped organic–inorganic hybrid silicon coating for improving fire retardancy of polyacrylonitrile fabric. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 82(1):280–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4273-z10.1007/s10971-016-4273-z ↗
28. Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson JM et al (2009) A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat Mater 8(1):76–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat231710.1038/nmat2317 ↗
29. Fang YH, Liu ZP (2014) Tafel kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions: from experiment to first-principles. ACS Catal 4(12):4364–4376. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs501312v10.1021/cs501312v ↗
30. Gao Y, Yue Q, Gao B, Li A (2020) Insight into activated carbon from different kinds of chemical activating agents: a review. Sci Total Environ 746:141094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.14109410.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141094 ↗
31. Heidarinejad Z, Dehghani MH, Heidari M, Javedan G, Ali I, Sillanpää M (2020) Methods for preparation and activation of activated carbon: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18(2):393–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00955-010.1007/s10311-019-00955-0 ↗
32. Zhang H, An P, Zhou W, Guan BY, Zhang P, Dong J et al (2018) Dynamic traction of lattice-confined platinum atoms into mesoporous carbon matrix for hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Adv 4(1):eaao6657. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao665710.1126/sciadv.aao6657 ↗
33. Sun S, Li H, Xu ZJ (2018) Impact of surface area in evaluation of catalyst activity. Joule 2(6):1024–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.00310.1016/j.joule.2018.05.003 ↗
34. Dong Y, Zhang S, Du X, Hong S, Zhao S, Chen Y et al (2019) Boosting the electrical double-layer capacitance of graphene by self-doped defects through ball-milling. Adv Funct Mater 29(24):1901127. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20190112710.1002/adfm.201901127 ↗
35. Wu G, Johnston CM, Mack NH, Artyushkova K, Ferrandon M, Nelson M et al (2011) Synthesis-structure-performance correlation for polyaniline-Me-C non-precious metal cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21(30):11392–11405. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM03613G10.1039/C0JM03613G ↗
36. Sharifi T, Hu G, Jia X, Wågberg T (2012) Formation of active sites for oxygen reduction reactions by transformation of nitrogen functionalities in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 6(10):8904–8912. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302906r10.1021/nn302906r ↗
37. Chen S, Zhao L, Ma J, Wang Y, Dai L, Zhang J (2019) Edge-doping modulation of N, P-codoped porous carbon spheres for high-performance rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Nano Energy 60:536–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.08410.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.084 ↗
38. Masa J, Xia W, Muhler M, Schuhmann W (2015) On the role of metals in nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(35):10102–10120. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20150056910.1002/anie.201500569 ↗
39. Li Y, Liu X, Zheng L, Shang J, Wan X, Hu R, Guo X, Hong S, Shui J (2019) Preparation of Fe–N–C catalysts with FeNx (x = 1, 3, 4) active sites and comparison of their activities for the oxygen reduction reaction and performances in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Mater Chem A 7(45):26147–26153. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA08532G10.1039/C9TA08532G ↗
40. Ma J, Xiao D, Chen CL, Luo Q, Yu Y, Zhou J, Guo C, Li K, Ma J, Zheng L, Zuo X (2018) Uric acid-derived Fe3C-containing mesoporous Fe/N/C composite with high activity for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium. J Power Sources 378:491–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.09110.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.091 ↗
41. Pardo Pérez LC, Sahraie NR, Melke J, Elsässer P, Teschner D, Huang X, Kraehnert R, White RJ, Enthaler S, Strasser P, Fischer A (2018) Polyformamidine-derived non-noble metal electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Adv Funct Mater 28(22):1707551. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20170755110.1002/adfm.201707551 ↗
42. Nosan M, Löffler M, Jerman I, Kolar M, Katsounaros I, Genorio B (2021) Understanding the oxygen reduction reaction activity of quasi-1D and 2D N-doped heat-treated graphene oxide catalysts with inherent metal impurities. ACS Appl Energy Mater 4(4):3593–3603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c0002610.1021/acsaem.1c00026 ↗
43. Wang X, Jia Y, Mao X, Zhang L, Liu D, Song L et al (2020) A directional synthesis for topological defect in carbon. Chem 6(8):2009–2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.05.01010.1016/j.chempr.2020.05.010 ↗
44. Lai Q, Zheng J, Tang Z, Bi D, Zhao J, Liang Y (2020) Optimal configuration of N-doped carbon defects in 2D turbostratic carbon nanomesh for advanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 59(29):11999–12006. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200093610.1002/anie.202000936 ↗