journal article·2018-05

Exploring the effect of substitutional doping on the electronic properties of graphene oxide

Eduily B. V. Freire, João Paulo A. de Mendonça, Saif Ullah, Geórgia M. A. Junqueira, Fernando Sato

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 53· Issue 10
Publisher page

Abstract

Through molecular and solid-state approaches, structural and electronic properties of graphene oxide (GO) using substitutional doping were studied. Nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, arsenic, and germanium atoms were integrated to GO at various sites to search for a suitable candidate that can reduce the energy gap of GO. As per our molecular investigations, Si- and Ge-doped GO reduces nearly 10% of the gap compared to the undoped molecule, while P, As, and N doping enhance the gap more than 50%. B and mainly Al (more energetically favorable structures) were found to be a suitable choice to be doped in GO, as it causes up to a 60% reduction in the energy gap compared to that of pristine GO. Moreover, the periodic calculations revealed that the introduction of Al can turn the GO structure into a metallic one. In addition, our studies disclosed that not only the dopant type but also the dopant sites are crucial in order to alter the electronic properties of GO.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Advancements in Battery Materials · 2D Materials and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (41)

Show source-provided references
1. Du W, Jiang X, Zhu L (2013) From graphite to graphene: direct liquid phase exfoliation of graphite to produce single and few layered pristine graphene. J Mater Chem A 1:10592–1060610.1039/c3ta12212c ↗
2. Wang SJ, Geng Y, Zheng Q, Kim J (2010) Fabrication of highly conducting and transparent graphene films. Carbon 48:1815–182310.1016/j.carbon.2010.01.027 ↗
3. Zhu Y, Murali S, Cai W, Li X, Suk JW, Potts JR, Ruoff RS (2010) Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis properties and applications. Adv Mater 22(35):3906–392410.1002/adma.201001068 ↗
4. Wang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Li J, Lin Y (2011) Graphene and graphene oxide: biofunctionalization and applications in biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 29(5):205–21210.1016/j.tibtech.2011.01.008 ↗
5. Loh KP, Bao Q, Eda G, Chhowalla M (2010) Graphene oxide as a chemically tunable platform for optical applications. Nature 2:1015–1024
6. Bonaccorso F, Colombo L, Yu G, Stoller M, Tozzini V, Ferrari AC, Ruoff RS, Pellegrini V (2015) Graphene related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347(6217):1246501-1–1246501-910.1126/science.1246501 ↗
7. Becerril HA, Mao J, Liu Z, Stoltenberg RM, Bao Z, Chen Y (2008) Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors. ACS Nano 2(3):463–47010.1021/nn700375n ↗
8. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306(5696):666–66910.1126/science.1102896 ↗
9. Eda G, Lin YY, Mattevi C, Yamaguchi H, Chen HA, Chen IS, Chen CW, Chhowalla M (2010) Blue photoluminescence from chemically derived graphene oxide. Adv Mater 22(4):505–50910.1002/adma.200901996 ↗
10. Humers WS Jr, Offeman RE (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80(6):133910.1021/ja01539a017 ↗
11. Junqueira GMA, Mendonca JPA, Lima AH, Quirino WG, Sato F (2016) Enhancement of nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide-based structures: push–pull models. RSC Adv 6:94437–9445010.1039/C6RA18314J ↗
12. Ao ZM, Jiang Q, Zhang RQ, Tan TT, Li S (2009) Al doped graphene A promising material for hydrogen storage at room temperature. J Appl Phys 105(7):074307-1–074307-610.1063/1.3103327 ↗
13. Wang X, Qin Y, Zhu L, Tang H (2015) Nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide as a bifunctional material for removing bisphenols synergistic effect between adsorption and catalysis. Environ Sci Technol 49(11):6855–686410.1021/acs.est.5b01059 ↗
14. Tao H, Yan C, Robertson AW, Gao Y, Ding J, Zhang Y, Ma T, Sun Z (2017) N-Doping of graphene oxide at low temperature for the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Commun 53:873–87610.1039/C6CC08776K ↗
15. Chen Y, Liu Yj, Wang Hx, Zhao Jx, Cai Qh, Wang Xz, Ding Yh (2013) Silicon-doped graphene an effective and metal free catalyst for NO reduction to N $$_2$$ 2 O. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(13):5994–600010.1021/am400563g ↗
16. Dobrota AS, Pasti IA, Mentus SV, Skorodumova NV (2017) A DFT study of the interplay between dopants and oxygen functional groups over the graphene basal plane implications in energy related applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys PCCP 19:8530–854010.1039/C7CP00344G ↗
17. Denis PA (2010) Band gap opening of monolayer and bilayer graphene doped with aluminium silicon phosphorus and sulfur. Chem Phys Lett 492(4):251–25710.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.038 ↗
18. Cruz-Silva E, Lpez-Uras F, Muoz-Sandoval E, Sumpter BG, Terrones H, Charlier JC, Meunier V, Terrones M (2009) Electronic transport and mechanical properties of phosphorus and phosphorus nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 3(7):1913–192110.1021/nn900286h ↗
19. Lin TC, Li YS, Chiang WH, Pei Z (2017) A high sensitivity field effect transistor biosensor for methylene blue detection utilize graphene oxide nanoribbon. Biosens Bioelectron 89(Part 1):511–51710.1016/j.bios.2016.03.046 ↗
20. de Mendonça JPA, de Lima AH, Junqueira GMA, Quirino WG, Legnani C, Maciel IO, Sato F (2016) Structural and vibrational study of graphene oxide via coronene based models: theoretical and experimental results. Mater Res Express 3(5):055020-1–055020-10
21. He H, Klinowski J, Forster M, Lerf A (1998) A new structural model for graphite oxide. Chem Phys Lett 287:53–5610.1016/S0009-2614(98)00144-4 ↗
22. Ullah S, Denis P, Sato F (2017) Cover picture triple doped monolayer graphene with boron nitrogen aluminum silicon phosphorus and sulfur. Chem Phys Chem 18(14):1864–187310.1002/cphc.201700278 ↗
23. Niyogi S, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, McWilliams JL, Hamon MA, Haddon RC (2006) Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J Am Chem Soc 128(24):7720–772110.1021/ja060680r ↗
24. Bhatnagar D, Singh S, Yadav S, Kumar A, Kaur I (2017) Experimental and theoretical investigation of relative optical band gaps in graphene generations. Mater Res Express 4(1):015101-1–015101-910.1088/2053-1591/4/1/015101 ↗
25. Stewart JJ (2007) Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods V: modification of NDDO approximations and application to 70 elements. J Mol Model 13(12):1173–121310.1007/s00894-007-0233-4 ↗
26. Becke AD (1988) Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior. Phys Rev A 38:3098–310010.1103/PhysRevA.38.3098 ↗
27. Lee C, Yang W, Parr RG (1988) Development of the Colle–Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Phys Rev B 37:785–78910.1103/PhysRevB.37.785 ↗
28. Rassolov VA, Ratner MA, Pople JA, Redfern PC, Curtiss LA (2001) 6-31G* basis set for third-row atoms. J Comput Chem 22:976–98410.1002/jcc.1058 ↗
29. Schmidt MW et al (1993) Games Version, 22 Feb 2006 (R5), Iowa State University. J Comput Chem 14:1347–136310.1002/jcc.540141112 ↗
30. Stewart JJP, MOPAC2007, Stewart JamesJP Stewart Computational Chemistry, Version 7.227L. http://OpenMOPAC.net
31. Troullier N, Martins JL (1991) Efficient pseudopotentials for plane–wave calculations. Phys. Rev. B 43:1993–200610.1103/PhysRevB.43.1993 ↗
32. Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M (1996) Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett 77:3865–386810.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
33. Dion M, Rydberg H, Schröder E, Langreth DC, Lundqvist BI (2004) Van der Waals density functional for general geometries. Phys Rev Lett 92:246401-1–246401-410.1103/PhysRevLett.92.246401 ↗
34. Soler JM, Artacho E, Gale JD, García A, Junquera J, Ordejón P, Sánchez-Portal D (2002) The Siesta method for ab initio order-n materials simulation. J Phys Condens Matter 14(11):2745–277910.1088/0953-8984/14/11/302 ↗
35. Ervasti MM, Fan Z, Uppstu A, Krasheninnikov AV, Harju A (2015) Silicon and silicon–nitrogen impurities in graphene: structure, energetics, and effects on electronic transport. Phys Rev B 92:235412-1–235412-1610.1103/PhysRevB.92.235412 ↗
36. Denis P (2016) Mono and dual doped monolayer graphene with aluminum, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. Comput Theor Chem 1097:40–4710.1016/j.comptc.2016.10.002 ↗
37. Denis PA, Pereyra Huelmo C, Martins AS (2016) Band gap opening in dual-doped monolayer graphene. J Phys Chem C 120(13):7103–711210.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11709 ↗
38. Mersmann S, Mouhib H, Baldofski M (2014) Quantum-chemical ab initio calculations on $${\rm ala}-({\rm c}5{\rm h}5{\rm al})$$ ala - ( c 5 h 5 al ) and galabenzene $$({\rm c}5{\rm h}5{\rm ga})$$ ( c 5 h 5 ga ) . Z Naturforschung A 69(7):349–35910.5560/zna.2014-0015 ↗
39. Ullah S, Hussain A, Syed W, Saqlain MA, Ahmad I, Leenaerts O, Karim A (2015) Band-gap tuning of graphene by be doping and be, b co-doping: a DFT study. RSC Adv 5:55762–55773. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA08061D10.1039/C5RA08061D ↗
40. Hussain A, Ullah S, Farhan MA (2016) Fine tuning the band-gap of graphene by atomic and molecular doping: a density functional theory study. RSC Adv 6:55990–5600310.1039/C6RA04782C ↗
41. Ullah S, Hussain A, Sato F (2017) Rectangular and hexagonal doping of graphene with b, n, and o: a DFT study. RSC Adv 7:16064–1606810.1039/C6RA28837E ↗