An investigation into the relationship between processing, structure and properties for high-modulus PBO fibres: part 3: analysis of fibre microstructure using transmission electron microscopy
Source abstract
Abstract
A detailed morphological study of the microstructure of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibres (HM and HM+) and a polypyridobisimidazole (PIPD) (HT) fibre has been undertaken using transmission electron microscopy. Both PBO and PIPD fibres are composed of rigid-rod polymers having p-phenylene rings in the molecular backbone and show high modulus (280-360 GPa) and high strength (4-6 GPa). It is found that the PBO HM+ fibre has the highest degree of molecular orientation of the three fibres and the longest crystal length along the fibre axis, while the PIPD fibre shows a lower degree of orientation and a shorter crystal length than the PBO fibres. To understand the effect of crystalline size and fine structure of the fibres upon mechanical properties, dark-field and high-resolution lattice images were obtained and analysed in detail. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Mechanical Behavior of Composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Chae HG, Kumar S (2006) Rigid-rod polymeric fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 100:791–80210.1002/app.22680 ↗
2. Hu XD, Jenkins SE, Min BG, Polk MB, Kumar S (2003) Rigid-rod polymers: synthesis, processing, simulation, structure, and properties. Macromol Mater Eng 288:823–84310.1002/mame.200300013 ↗
3. Bourbigot S, Flambard X, Poutch F (2001) Study of the thermal degradation of high performance fibres—application to polybenzazole and p-aramid fibres. Polym Degrad Stab 74:283–29010.1016/S0141-3910(01)00159-8 ↗
4. Kuroki T, Tanaka Y, Hokudoh T, Yabuki K (1997) Heat resistance properties of poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1031–103610.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970801)65:5<1031::AID-APP21>3.0.CO;2-3 ↗
5. Bourbigot S, Flambard X (2002) Heat resistance and flammability of high performance fibres: a Review. Fire Mater 26:155–16810.1002/fam.799 ↗
6. Kumar S, Dang TD, Arnold FE, Bhattacharyya AR, Min BG, Zhang XF, Vaia RA, Park C, Adams WW, Hauge RH, Smalley RE, Ramesh S, Willis PA (2002) Synthesis, structure, and properties of PBO/SWNT composites. Macromolecules 35:9039–904310.1021/ma0205055 ↗
7. Njuguna J, Pielichowski K, Desai S (2008) Nanofiller-reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol 19:947–95910.1002/pat.1074 ↗
8. Kitagawa T, Yabuki K, Young RJ (2001) An investigation into the relationship between processing, structure and properties for high-modulus PBO fibres. Part 1. Raman band shifts and broadening in tension and compression. Polymer 42:2101–212210.1016/S0032-3861(00)00571-1 ↗
9. Kitagawa T, Yabuki K, Young RJ (2002) An investigation into the relationship between processing, structure, and properties for high-modulus PBO fibers. II. Hysteresis of stress-induced Raman band shifts and peak broadening, and skin-core structure. J Macromol Sci Phys B41:61–7610.1081/MB-120002346 ↗
10. Kitagawa T, Ishitobi M, Yabuki K (2000) An analysis of deformation process on poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole fiber and a structural study of the new high-modulus type PBOHM plus fiber. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 38:1605–161110.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000615)38:12<1605::AID-POLB50>3.0.CO;2-Z ↗
11. Shimamura K, Minter JR, Thomas EL (1983) Lattice imaging of high modulus poly(para-phenylene benzobisthiazole) fibers. J Mater Sci Lett 2:54–5810.1007/BF00725430 ↗
12. Dobb MG, Johnson DJ, Saville BP (1977) Direct observation of structure in high-modulus aromatic fibers. J Polym Sci Polym Symp 58:237–25110.1002/polc.5070580117 ↗
13. Yeung PHJ, Young RJ (1986) Direct imaging of molecules in polydiacetylene single crystals. Polymer 27:202–21010.1016/0032-3861(86)90327-7 ↗
14. Adams WW, Kumar S, Martin DC, Shimamura K (1989) Lattice imaging of poly(para-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber. Polym Commun 30:285–287
15. Martin DC, Thomas EL (1991) Ultrastructure of poly(para-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) fibers. Macromolecules 24:2450–246010.1021/ma00009a049 ↗
16. Vazquez-Santos MB, Geissler E, Laszlo K, Rouzaud JN, Martinez-Alonso A, Tascon JMD (2012) Graphitization of highly porous carbons derived from poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole). Carbon 50:2929–294010.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.062 ↗
17. Vazquez-Santos MB, Geissler E, Laszlo K, Rouzaud JN, Martinez-Alonso A, Tascon JMD (2012) Comparative XRD, Raman, and TEM study on graphitization of PBO-derived carbon fibers. J Phys Chem C 116:257–26810.1021/jp2084499 ↗
18. Sikkema DJ (1998) Design, synthesis and properties of a novel rigid rod polymer, PIPD or ‘M5’: high modulus and tenacity fibres with substantial compressive strength. Polymer 39:5981–598610.1016/S0032-3861(97)10289-0 ↗
19. Lammers M, Klop EA, Northolt MG, Sikkema DJ (1998) Mechanical properties and structural transitions in the new rigid-rod polymer fibre PIPD (‘M5’) during the manufacturing process. Polymer 39:5999–600510.1016/S0032-3861(98)00021-4 ↗
20. Klop EA, Lammers M (1998) XRD study of the new rigid-rod polymer fibre PIPD. Polymer 39:5987–599810.1016/S0032-3861(97)10187-2 ↗
21. Sirichaisit J, Young RJ (1998) Tensile and compressive deformation of polypyridobisimidazole (PIPD)-based ‘M5’ rigid-rod polymer fibres. Polymer 40:3421–343110.1016/S0032-3861(98)00561-8 ↗
22. Krause SJ, Haddock TB, Vezie DL, Lenhert PG, Hwang W-F, Price GE, Helminiak TE, O’Brien JF, Adams WW (1988) Morphology and properties of rigid-rod poly(para-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) and stiff-chain poly(2,5(6)-benzoxazole) (ABPBO) fibers. Polymer 29:1354–136410.1016/0032-3861(88)90297-2 ↗
23. Suehiro K, Chatani Y, Tadokoro H (1975) Structural studies of polyesters. 6. Disordered crystal-structure (form-2 of poly(beta-propiolactone). Polym J 7:35–35210.1295/polymj.7.352 ↗
24. Fratini AV, Lenhert PG, Resch TJ, Adams WW (1989) Molecular packing and crystalline order in polybenzobisoxazole and polybenzobisthiazole fibers. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 134:431–44610.1557/PROC-134-431 ↗
25. Bai SJ, Price GE (1992) Small-angle X-ray-scattering on fibers of heteroaromatic polymers. Polymer 33:2136–214210.1016/0032-3861(92)90880-6 ↗
26. Kitagawa T, Murase H, Yabuki K (1998) Morphological study on poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber. J Polym Sci Polym Phys 36:39–4810.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980115)36:1<39::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-P ↗
27. Kumar S, Warner S, Grubb DT, Adams WW (1994) On the small-angle X-ray scattering of rigid-rod polymer fibers. Polymer 35:5408–541210.1016/S0032-3861(05)80003-5 ↗
28. Tashiro K, Yoshino J, Kitagawa T, Murase H, Yabuki K (1998) Crystal structure and packing disorder of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole): structural analysis by an organized combination of X-ray imaging plate system and computer simulation technique. Macromolecules 31:5430–544010.1021/ma980113r ↗
29. Minter JR, Shimamura K, Thomas EL (1981) Microstructural study of as-extruded and heat-treated ribbons of poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole). J Mater Sci 16:3303–330810.1007/BF00586290 ↗
30. Kitagawa T, Tashiro K, Yabuki K (2002) Stress distribution in poly-p-phenylebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fibre estimated from vibration spectroscopic measurement under tension. II. Analysis of inhomogeneous stress in PBO fibre. J Polym Sci Polym Phys 40:1281–128710.1002/polb.10185 ↗
31. Termonia Y, Meakin P, Smith P (1985) Theoretical-study of the influence of the molecular-weight on the maximum tensile-strength of polymer fibers. Macromolecules 18:2246–225210.1021/ma00153a032 ↗