Long-chain branch-induced interfacial interaction and its effect on morphology development in polypropylene/ethylene octene copolymer blend
Source abstract
Abstract
We studied the microstructure–rheology relationship of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) blends by means of rheology in combination with scanning electron microscopy. The blends varying in blend ratio all prepared by melt mixing were considered. The results of the frequency sweep experiment performed on the blend sample with matrix-dispersed morphology showed a pronounced positive deviation of storage modulus values at a low frequency range from those predicted by Palierne’s viscoelastic model. This could be explained in terms of EOC droplets interconnectivity which was generated by in situ increased chain-branched entanglements. That is, the thermo-mechanically induced PP macro-radicals produced during the melt mixing could graft onto the more stable EOC macro-radicals in the interface leading to much longer-chain-branched EOC molecules, which had the capability of creating favorable entanglements for the EOC droplets conductivity.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Polymer crystallization and properties · Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. Datta S (2016) Rubber–plastic blends: structure-property relationship. In: Isayev AI (ed) Encyclopedia of polymer blends. Wiley-VCH, London, pp 229–28910.1002/9783527653966.ch4 ↗
2. Utracki LA, Wilkie CA (2014) Polymer blends handbook. Springer, Amsterdam10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6 ↗
3. Bagheri-Kazemabad S, Fox D, Chen Y, Geeve LM, Khavandi A, Bagheri R, Higginbotham CL, Zhang H, Chen B (2012) Morphology, rheology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethyleneoctene copolymer/clay nanocomposites: effects of the compatibilizer. Compos Sci Technol 72:1697–170410.1016/j.compscitech.2012.06.007 ↗
4. Kontopoulou M, Wang W, Gopakumar TG, Cheung C (2003) Effect of composition and comonomer type on the rheology, morphology, and properties of ethylene-α-olefin copolymer/polypropylene blends. Polymer 44:7495–750410.1016/j.polymer.2003.08.043 ↗
5. Ma LF, Bao RY, Dou R, Zheng SD, Liu ZY, Zhang RY, Yang MB, Yang W (2016) Conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) blend: From strain sensor to highly stretchable conductor. Compos Sci Technol 18:176–18410.1016/j.compscitech.2016.04.001 ↗
6. Ma CG, Mai YL, Rong MZ, Ruan WH, Zhang MQ (2007) Phase structure and mechanical properties of ternary polypropylene/elastomer/nano-CaCO3 composites. Compos Sci Technol 67:2997–300510.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.022 ↗
7. Martin G, Barres C, Sonntag P, Garois N, Cassagnau P (2009) Morphology development in thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV): dispersion mechanisms of a pre-crosslinked EPDM phase. Eur Polym J 45:3257–326810.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.07.012 ↗
8. Ma Y, Wu D, Liu Y, Li X, Qiao H, Yu ZZ (2014) Electrically conductive and super-tough polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Compos Part B Eng 56:384–39110.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.026 ↗
9. Doufnoune R, Haddaoui N (2017) Effects of surface functionalized partially reduced graphene oxideand different compatibilizers on the properties and structure of PP/EPR nanocomposites. J Polym Res 24:138–15410.1007/s10965-017-1302-8 ↗
10. Hölzer S, Menzel M, Zia Q, Schubert US, Beiner M, Weidisch R (2013) Blends of ethylene-octene copolymers with different chain architectures Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior. Polymer 54:5207–521310.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.041 ↗
11. Jun C, Wei Y, Zhengying L, Rui H (2004) Influence of heat treatment on toughening of polyehtylene-octene copolymer (POE)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends. J Mater Sci 39:4049–4051. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000031493.09473.a910.1023/B:JMSC.0000031493.09473.a9 ↗
12. Jagtap RN, Mehta LB, Wadgaonkar KK, Bamane PB, Ramamoorthy PK (2018) Microstructural, thermal and rheological correlations to mechanical response of polyamide-6(glass filled)/polyetherimide blend: effect of ethylene-octene copolymer on toughening of blend. J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2416-z10.1007/s10853-018-2416-z ↗
13. Yan X, Xu X, Zhu L (2007) Analysis of brittle–ductile transition of polypropylene/ethyleneoctene copolymer blends by scanning electron microscopy and small angle laser light scattering. J Mater Sci 42:8645–8651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1882-510.1007/s10853-007-1882-5 ↗
14. Rajesh Babu R, Singha NK, Naskar K (2010) Effects of mixing sequence on peroxide cured polypropylene (PP)/ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Part. I. Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties. Polym Res 17:657–67110.1007/s10965-009-9354-z ↗
15. Li S, Yafei LV, Sheng J, Tian H, Ning N, Zhang L, Wu H, Tian M (2017) Morphology development of POE/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) during dynamic vulcanization. Eur Polym J 93:590–60110.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.019 ↗
16. McNally T, McShane P, Nally GM, Murphy WR, Cook M, Miller A (2002) Rheology, phase morphology, mechanical, impact and thermal properties of polypropylene/metallocene catalysed ethylene 1-octene copolymer blends. Polymer 43:3785–379310.1016/S0032-3861(02)00170-2 ↗
17. Uthaipan N, Jarnthong M, Peng Z, Junhasavasdikul B, Nakason C, Thitithammawong A (2017) Effects of crosslinked elastomer particles on heterogeneous nucleation of isotactic PP in dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP and EOC/PP blends. J Polym Res 24:118–13010.1007/s10965-017-1279-3 ↗
18. Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, Bretas R, Scuracchio C (2000) Rheological, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 75:692–70410.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000131)75:5<692::AID-APP12>3.0.CO;2-Y ↗
19. Wang K, Addiego F, Bahlouli N, Ahzi S, Rémond Y, Toniazzo V, Muller R (2012) Analysis of thermomechanical reprocessing effects on polypropylene/ethylene octene copolymer blends. Polym Degrad Stab 97:1475–148410.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.005 ↗
20. Svoboda P, Theravalappil R, Svobodova D, Mokrejs P, Kolomaznik K, Mori K, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2010) Elastic properties of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Polym Test 29:742–74810.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.05.014 ↗
21. Razavi Aghjeh M, Khonakdar HA, Jafari SH, Zschech C, Gohs U, Heinrich G (2016) Rheological, morphological and mechanical investigations on ethylene octene copolymer toughened polypropylene prepared by continuous electron induced reactive processing. RSC Adv 6:24651–2466010.1039/C6RA00359A ↗
22. Hu X, Geng Ch, Yang G, Fu Q, Baia H (2015) Synergetic effects of a matrix crystalline structure and chain mobility on the low temperature toughness of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. RSC Adv 5:54488–5449610.1039/C5RA09685E ↗
23. Song N, Zhu L, Yan X, Xu Y, Xu X (2008) Effect of blend composition on the rheology property of polypropylene/poly (ethylene-1-octene) blends. J Mater Sci 43:3218–3222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2554-910.1007/s10853-008-2554-9 ↗
24. Aoki Y (1986) Rheological properties of abs polymer melts having a good dispersion of rubber particles. J Non Newton Fluid Mech 22:91–9910.1016/0377-0257(86)80005-2 ↗
25. Nagarkar SP, Velankar SS (2012) Morphology and rheology of ternary fluid–fluid–solid systems. Soft Matter 8:8464–847710.1039/c2sm25758k ↗
26. Bousmina M, Muller R (1993) Linear viscoelasticity in the melt of impact PMMA: influence of concentration and aggregation of dispersed rubber particles. J Rheol 37:663–67910.1122/1.550389 ↗
27. Yan ZC, Stadler FJ (2018) Classification of thermorheological complexity for linear and branched polyolefins. Rheol Acta. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-018-1088-610.1007/s00397-018-1088-6 ↗
28. Garcıa-Franco CA, Harrington BA, Lohse DJ (2005) On the rheology of ethylene-octene copolymers. Rheol Acta 44:591–59910.1007/s00397-005-0441-8 ↗
29. Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A (2009) Rheological and thermal properties of blends of a long-chain branched polypropylene and different linear polypropylenes. Chem Eng Sci 64:4719–473110.1016/j.ces.2009.04.009 ↗
30. Graebling D, Muller R, Palierne JF (1993) Linear viscoelastic behavior of some incompatible polymer blends in the melt. Interpretation of data with a model of an emulsion of viscoelastic liquids. Macromolecules 26:320–32910.1021/ma00054a011 ↗
31. Nazockdast H (2016) Morphology and structure of polymer blends containing nanofillers. In: Isayev AI (ed) Encyclopedia of polymer blends. Wiley-VCH, London, pp 401–47310.1002/9783527653966.ch7 ↗
32. Gooneie A, Nazockdast H, Shahsavan F (2015) Effect of selective localization of carbon nanotubes in PA6 dispersed phase of PP/PA6 blends on the morphology evolution with time, Part 1: droplet deformation under simple shear flows. Polym Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.2409810.1002/pen.24098 ↗
33. Choi JH, Ryu JH, Kim SY (2000) A linear viscoelastic model of matrix/core–shell modifier polymer blends. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 38:942–95310.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000401)38:7<942::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-N ↗
34. Mostofi N, Nazockdast H, Mohammadigoushki H (2009) Study on morphology and viscoelastic properties of PP/PET/SEBS ternary blend and their fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 114:3737–374310.1002/app.30612 ↗
35. He GJ, Zheng T, Ke D, Cao X, Yin XC, Xub BP (2015) Impact of rapid ozone degradation on the structure and properties of polypropylene using a reactive extrusion process. RSC Adv 5:44115–4412010.1039/C5RA06652B ↗
36. Poongavalappil S, Svoboda P, Ra T, Svobodova D, Ougizawa T, Sedlacek T (2013) Influence of branching density on the cross-linkability of ethylene-octene copolymers. Polym J 45:651–65810.1038/pj.2012.189 ↗
37. Svoboda P, Poongavalappil S, Theravalappil R, Svobodova D, Mokrejsa P (2013) Effect of octene content on peroxide crosslinking of ethylene-octene copolymers. Polym Int 62:184–18910.1002/pi.4277 ↗
38. Svoboda P (2017) High-temperature study of radiation cross-linked ethylene–octene copolymers. Polym Bull 74:121–14410.1007/s00289-016-1703-6 ↗
39. Pierro I, Leone G, Zanchin G, Canetti M, Ricci G, Bertini F (2017) Polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers from 1-octene copolymerization with 1-decene and cyclopentene. Eur Polym J 93:200–21110.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.05.044 ↗
40. Leone G, Mauri M, Pierro I, Ricci G, Canetti M, Bertini F (2016) Polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers from 1-octene chain-walking polymerization. Polymer 100:37–4410.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.009 ↗
41. Rajesh Babu R, Singha NK, Naskar K (2011) Effects of mixing sequence on peroxide cured polypropylene (PP)/ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Part. II. Viscoelastic characteristics. J Polym Res 18:31–3910.1007/s10965-010-9388-2 ↗
42. Aoki Y, Nakayama K (1982) Dynamic viscoelastic properties of ABS polymers in the molten state IV. Effect of rubber particle size. Polym J 14:951–95810.1295/polymj.14.951 ↗