Dielectric and pyroelectric studies of Li-modified rare-earth dysprosium-doped barium strontium sodium niobate ceramics

This paper highlights the dielectric, pyroelectric, and resistivity studies of Ba1.45Sr2.4Dy0.1LixNa2−xNb10O30 (x = 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) tungsten–bronze-structured ceramics. X-ray diffraction studies indicated single orthorhombic (mm2) phase supported by tolerance factor and average electronegativity difference. The lattice parameters, unit cell volume, axial ratio, and densities are calculated from XRD studies. The experimental densities obtained are about 95% to that of theoretical values. It is found that the unit cell volume enhanced up to Li0.8. The effect of Li modification and Dy doping on eRT, $$ \varepsilon_{{{\text{T}}_{\text{c}} }}, $$ and Tc in BSNN system are discussed. D.C. resistivity studies indicated the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) response in these compositions.