journal article·2021-01

Characterisation of fusion bonding between filaments of thin 3D printed polyamide 6 using an essential work of fracture method

Qinghao He, Lin Ye, Anthony J. Kinloch, Hongjian Wang, Binghong Yin

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 56· Issue 3
Publisher page

Abstract

The extent and quality, i.e. consistency, of the fusion bonding between filaments that occurs during the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process play an important role in determining the mechanical performance of 3D printed polymeric parts. This present research is designed to quantify these parameters of the fusion bonding between individual filaments deposited during the 3D printing process. Polyamide 6 (PA6) specimens were prepared from both 3D printed single-layer and single-filament films. Also, to provide a benchmark material, 3D printed PA6 films prepared by the FFF process were further processed by using compression moulding (CM) to investigate whether the fusion bonding could be enhanced. An essential work of fracture method was employed to evaluate the fusion bonding between the filaments by determining the value of the specific essential work of fracture, we, and the associated experimental reproducibility. The higher value of we, and the relatively low degree of scatter determined for the benchmark material revealed that the extent and quality of fusion bonding attained when using only the FFF process clearly needed to be improved when parts are fabricated for practical applications. To study the effect of temperature on the fusion bonding, the structural detail and fracture surfaces of thin polymer films were studied, with the thermal history of the deposited filaments also being measured using a thermal camera.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Manufacturing Process and Optimization · Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (23)

Show source-provided references
1. Rodriguez JF, Thomas JP, Renaud JE (2001) Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fused deposition materials. Exp Invest Rapid Prototyp J 7:148–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/1355254011039554710.1108/13552540110395547 ↗
2. Chacón JM, Caminero MA, García-Plaza E, Núñez PJ (2017) Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection. Mater Des 124:143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.06510.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.065 ↗
3. Kuznetsov VE, Solonin AN, Urzhumtsev OD, Schilling R, Tavitov AG (2018) Strength of PLA components fabricated with fused deposition technology using a desktop 3D printer as a function of geometrical parameters of the process. Polymers 10:313. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1003031310.3390/polym10030313 ↗
4. Lanzotti A, Grasso M, Staiano G, Martorelli M (2015) The impact of process parameters on mechanical properties of parts fabricated in PLA with an open-source 3-D printer. Rapid Prototyp J 21:604–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/Rpj-09-2014-013510.1108/Rpj-09-2014-0135 ↗
5. Yang CC, Tian XY, Li DC, Cao Y, Zhao F, Shi CQ (2017) Influence of thermal processing conditions in 3D printing on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PEEK material. J Mater Process Technol 248:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.04.02710.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.04.027 ↗
6. Sun Q, Rizvi GM, Bellehumeur CT, Gu P (2008) Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments. Rapid Prototyp J 14:72–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/1355254081086202810.1108/13552540810862028 ↗
7. Abbott AC, Tandon GP, Bradford RL, Koerner H, Baur JW (2018) Process-structure-property effects on ABS bond strength in fused filament fabrication. Addit Manuf 19:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.11.00210.1016/j.addma.2017.11.002 ↗
8. Yin J, Lu CH, Fu JZ, Huang Y, Zheng YX (2018) Interfacial bonding during multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) process due to inter-molecular diffusion. Mater Des 150:104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.04.02910.1016/j.matdes.2018.04.029 ↗
9. Barany T, Czigany T, Karger-Kocsis J (2010) Application of the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept for polymers, related blends and composites: a review. Prog Polym Sci 35:1257–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.00110.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.001 ↗
10. Williams JG, Rink M (2007) The standardisation of the EWF test. Eng Fract Mech 74:1009–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.01710.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.017 ↗
11. Mai YW, Cotterell B (1986) On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers. Int J Fract 32:105–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf0001978710.1007/Bf00019787 ↗
12. Karger-Kocsis J, Czigany T, Moskala EJ (1997) Thickness dependence of work of fracture parameters of an amorphous copolyester. Polymer 38:4587–4593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(96)01061-010.1016/S0032-3861(96)01061-0 ↗
13. Maspoch M, Henault V, Ferrer-Balasa D, Velascob JI, Santana OO (2000) Essential work of fracture on PET films: influence of the thickness and the orientation. Polym Test 19:559–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(99)00026-410.1016/S0142-9418(99)00026-4 ↗
14. Millot C, Fillot LA, Lame O, Sotta P, Seguela R (2015) Assessment of polyamide-6 crystallinity by DSC. J Therm Anal Calorim 122:307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4670-510.1007/s10973-015-4670-5 ↗
15. Ma Y, Yokozeki T, Ueda M, Sugahara T, Yang YQ, Hamada H (2017) Effect of polyurethane dispersion as surface treatment for carbon fabrics on mechanical properties of carbon/nylon composites. Compos Sci Technol 151:268–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.08.03110.1016/j.compscitech.2017.08.031 ↗
16. Prashantha K, Schmitt H, Lacrampe MF, Krawczak P (2011) Mechanical behaviour and essential work of fracture of halloysite nanotubes filled polyamide 6 nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 71:1859–1866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.08.01910.1016/j.compscitech.2011.08.019 ↗
17. Cotterell B, Reddel JK (1977) The essential work of plane stress ductile fracture. Int J Fract 13:267–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0004014310.1007/bf00040143 ↗
18. Yamakawa RS, Razzino CA, Correa CA, Hage E (2004) Influence of notching and molding conditions on determination of EWF parameters in polyamide 6. Polym Test 23:195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(03)00080-110.1016/S0142-9418(03)00080-1 ↗
19. Gantenbein S, Masania K, Woigk W, Sesseg JPW, Tervoort TA, Studart AR (2018) Three-dimensional printing of hierarchical liquid-crystal-polymer structures. Nature 561:226–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0474-710.1038/s41586-018-0474-7 ↗
20. Vaes D, Coppens M, Goderis B, Zoetelief W, Van Puyvelde P (2019) Assessment of crystallinity development during fused filament fabrication through fast scanning chip calorimetry. Appl Sci 9:2676. https://doi.org/10.3390/app913267610.3390/app9132676 ↗
21. Oliver WC, Pharr GM (2004) Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J Mater Res 19:3–20. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.000210.1557/jmr.2004.0002 ↗
22. Kinloch AJ (1987) Adhesion and adhesives: science and technology. Chapman and Hall, London10.1007/978-94-015-7764-9 ↗
23. Chen X-H, Mai Y-W, Tong P, Zhang L-C (2000) Numerical simulation of the essential fracture work method. In: Williams JG, Pavan A (eds) Fracture of polymers, composites and adhesives, Second ESIS TC4 conference on fracture of polymers, composites and adhesives, vol 27. European Structural Integrity Society. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 175–18610.1016/S1566-1369(00)80017-5 ↗