Analysis of Garofalo equation parameters for an ultrahigh carbon steel

Isothermal stress-strain curves data from torsion tests conducted at high temperature (950-1200 ºC) and strain rates (2-26 s-1) were analyzed in a ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) containing 1.3%C. The sine hyperbolic Garofalo equation was selected as an adequate constitutive equation for the entire range of the forming variables considered. The Garofalo parameters were assumed strain dependent allowing the prediction of stress-strain curves under transient and steady-state conditions. The average relative errors obtained were below 3% in stress. In addition, the creep deformation mechanisms in the UHCS were analyzed from the Garofalo equation parameters. For this aim, the stress exponent of the Garofalo equation was, for the first time, related to that of the power law equation. The results show that the controlled deformation mechanism at steady-state is lattice diffusion-controlled slip creep.