Green synthesis of photoactive nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 in recyclable and recoverable acidic ionic liquid [Bmim] HSO4
Source abstract
Abstract
This is the first report of a facile and green method for the synthesis of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 in an acidic room temperature ionic liquid 1-buty-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [Bmim] HSO4 as an acidic hydrolysing and templating/structure directing agent avoiding the use of corrosive mineral acids and surfactants, respectively. The effect of calcination temperature was studied at 100, 350, 550 and 750 °C to obtain samples S-1 to S-4, respectively, and the effect on morphology, phase, surface area and band gap of TiO2 was investigated using XRD, TEM, (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, BET surface area and Raman spectroscopic techniques. It was observed that with an increase in temperature of calcination, the phase of TiO2 nanoparticles remained anatase, while the morphology of the particles was both spherical and cubic in nature with particle size varying between 4 and 30 nm. The ionic liquid used was both recoverable and recyclable up to three cycles. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was tested for the degradation of methyl orange as the model compound under ultraviolet light. The nanoparticles of TiO2 calcined at 550 °C showed high photocatalytic activity.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Polyoxometalates: Synthesis and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. Grätze M (2001) Photoelectrochemical cells. Nature 414:338–34410.1038/35104607 ↗
2. Chen X, Mao SS (2007) Photocatalytic properties of nanotubular-shaped powders with anatase phase. Chem Rev 107:2891–295910.1021/cr0500535 ↗
3. Fujishima A, Zhang X, Tryk DA (2008) TiO2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena. Surf Sci Rep 63:515–58210.1016/j.surfrep.2008.10.001 ↗
4. Brezesinski T, Wang J, Polleux J, Dunn B (2009) Nanocrystal-based porous TiO2 films for next-generation electrochemical capacitors. J Am Chem Soc 131:1802–180910.1021/ja8057309 ↗
5. Grätzel MJ (2003) Dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiology 3:145–15310.1016/S1389-5567(03)00026-1 ↗
6. Wu D, Long M (2011) Realizing visible-light-induced self-cleaning property of cotton through coating N-TiO2 film and loading AgI particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:4770–477410.1021/am201251d ↗
7. Liu H, Liang Y, Hu H, Wang M (2009) Hydrothermal synthesis of mesostructured nanocrystalline TiO2 in an ionic liquid- water mixture and its photocatalytic performance. Solid State Sci 11:1655–166010.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.06.011 ↗
8. Ma XY, Chen ZG, Jiang HB, Zou J, Qiao SZ (2010) Fabrication of uniform anatase TiO2 particles exposed by 001 facets. Chem Commun 46:6608–661010.1039/c0cc01473g ↗
9. Macwan DP, Dave PN, Chaturvedi S (2011) A review on nano-TiO2 sol–gel type syntheses and its applications. J Mater Sci 46:3669–3686. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5378-y10.1007/s10853-011-5378-y ↗
10. Rao CNR, Govindaraj A (2009) Synthesis of inorganic nanotubes. Adv Mater 21:4208–423310.1002/adma.200803720 ↗
11. Gupta SM, Tripathi M (2012) A review on the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by solution route. Cent Eur J Chem 10:279–29410.2478/s11532-011-0155-y ↗
12. Fanga D, Luob Z, Huanga K, Lagoudasc DC (2011) Effect of heat treatment on morphology, crystalline structure and photocatalysis properties of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti substrate and freestanding membrane. Appl Surface Sci 257:645110.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.037 ↗
13. Li S, Ye G, Chen G (2009) Low-temperature preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. J Phys Chem C 113:4031–403710.1021/jp8076936 ↗
14. Liu X, Ma J, Zheng W (2011) Applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in the convenient synthesis of nanomaterials. Rev Adv Mater Sci 27:43–51
15. Yu MJ, Dai S (2010) Preparation of inorganic materials using ionic liquids. Adv Mater 22:261–28510.1002/adma.200900603 ↗
16. Lemus J, Palomar J, Gilarranz MA, Rodriguez JJ (2011) Characterisation of supported ionic liquid phase materials prepared from different supports. Adsorption 17:561–57110.1007/s10450-011-9327-5 ↗
17. Han C, Ho S, Lin Y, Lai Y, Liang W, Yang YC (2010) Effect of π–π stacking of water miscible ionic liquid template with different cation chain length and content on morphology of mesoporous TiO2 prepared via sol–gel method and the applications. Micro Meso Mater 131:217–22310.1016/j.micromeso.2009.12.026 ↗
18. Chang LWL, Zhao B, Gaosong ZY, Zheng SW (2008) Inorganic synthesis in ionic liquids. Inorg Chem 47:1443–145210.1021/ic701094a ↗
19. Yavari I, Mahjoub AR, Kowsari E, Movahedi M (2009) Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with controlled morphology and size in ionic liquids. J Nanoparticle Res 11:861–86810.1007/s11051-008-9485-x ↗
20. Mali SS, Betty CA, Bhosale PN, Devan RS, Patil PS (2012) Hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanoflowers using Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid [BAIL]. Cryst Eng Comm 14:1920–192410.1039/c2ce06476f ↗
21. Meng H, Chen XW, Wang JH (2010) Ionic liquid templated porous nano-TiO2 particles for the selective isolation of cytochrome c. Nanotechnology 21:385704–38571110.1088/0957-4484/21/38/385704 ↗
22. Zheng W, Liu X, Yan Z, Zhu L (2009) Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of large-scale TiO2 nanoparticles with controllable phase by hydrolysis of TiCl4. ACS Nano 3:115–12210.1021/nn800713w ↗
23. Verma YL, Singh MP, Singh RK (2012) Ionic liquid assisted synthesis of nano-porous TiO2 and studies on confined ionic liquid. Mater Lett 86:73–7610.1016/j.matlet.2012.07.025 ↗
24. Deng F, Luo X, Li K, Tu X, Luo S, Zhou N, Shu H (2013) The effect of vinyl-containing ionic liquid on the photocatalytic activity of iron-doped TiO2. J Mol Catal A Chem 366:222–22710.1016/j.molcata.2012.09.027 ↗
25. Alammar T, Noei H, Wang Y, Mudring AV (2013) Mild yet phase-selective preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles from ionic liquids. Nanoscale 5:8045–805510.1039/c3nr00824j ↗
26. Bae KR, Ko CH, Park Y, Kim Y, Oha W (2010) Structure control of nanocrystalline TiO2 for the dye-sensitized solar cell application. Curr Appl Phys 10:5406–5409
27. Hosseinnia A, Keyanpour-Rad M, Kazemzad M, Pazouki M (2009) A novel approach for preparation of highly crystalline anatase TiO2 nanopowder from the agglomerates. Powder Technol 190:390–39210.1016/j.powtec.2008.08.019 ↗
28. Singh V, Kaur S, Sapehiyia V, Singh J, Kad GL (2005) Microwave accelerated preparation of [bmim] [HSO4] ionic liquid: an acid catalyst for improved synthesis of coumarins. Catal Commun 6:57–6010.1016/j.catcom.2004.10.011 ↗
29. Hanaor AH, Sorrell C (2011) Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation. J Mater Sci 46:885-874. doi: 10.1007/s10853-5113-010.1007/s10853-010-5113-0 ↗
30. Choi EH, Hong SI, Moon DJ (2008) Preparation of thermally stable mesostructured nano-sized TiO2 particles by modified sol-gel method using ionic liquid. Catal Lett 123:84–8910.1007/s10562-008-9398-4 ↗
31. Mansfeldova V, Laskova B, Krysova H, Zukalova M, Kavan L (2014) Synthesis of nanostructured TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (B) in ionic liquids. Catal Today 230:85–9010.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.007 ↗
32. Qi K, Qin Q, Duan X, Wang G, Wu L, Zheng W (2014) Geometric matching principle for adsorption selectivity of ionic liquids: a simple method into the fascinating world of shape-controlled chemistry. Chem Eur J 20:9012–901710.1002/chem.201400409 ↗
33. Parker JC, Siegel RW (1990) Calibration of the Raman spectrum to the oxygen stoichiometry of nanophase TiO2. Appl Phys Lett 57:943–94510.1063/1.104274 ↗
34. Sing KSW, Haul RAW, Everett DH, Moscou L (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl Chem 57:603–61910.1351/pac198557040603 ↗
35. Kim EW, Kim DS, Ahn BT (2009) Synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 and its application to photocatalytic activation of methylene blue. Bull Korean Chem Soc 30:193–19610.5012/bkcs.2009.30.1.193 ↗
36. Nagaveni K, Hegde MS, Ravishankar N, Subbanna GN, Giridhar M (2004) Synthesis and structure of nanocrystalline TiO2 with lower band gap showing high photocatalytic activity. Langmuir 20:290010.1021/la035777v ↗