Effect of alpha prime due to 475 °C aging on fracture behavior and corrosion resistance of DIN 1.4575 and MA 956 high performance ferritic stainless steels

The 475 °C embrittlement in stainless steels is a well-known phenomenon associated to alpha prime (α′) formed by precipitation or spinodal decomposition. Many doubts still remain on the mechanism of α′ formation and its consequence on deformation and fracture mechanisms and corrosion resistance. In this investigation, the fracture behavior and corrosion resistance of two high performance ferritic stainless steels were investigated: a superferritic DIN 1.4575 and MA 956 superalloy were evaluated. Samples of both stainless steels (SS) were aged at 475 °C for periods varying from 1 to 1,080 h. Their fracture surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the cleavage planes were determined by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). Some samples were tested for corrosion resistance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. Brittle and ductile fractures were observed in both ferritic stainless steels after aging at 475 °C. For aging periods longer than 500 h, the ductile fracture regions completely disappeared. The cleavage plane in the DIN 1.4575 samples aged at 475 °C for 1,080 h was mainly {110}, however the {102}, {314}, and {131} families of planes were also detected. The pitting corrosion resistance decreased with aging at 475 °C. The effect of alpha prime on the corrosion resistance was more significant in the DIN 1.4575 SS comparatively to the Incoloy MA 956.