Effect of the presence of excess ammonium ions on the clay surface on permeation properties of epoxy nanocomposites
Source abstract
Abstract
Epoxy nanocomposites with commercially and self-modified montmorillonites of different cation exchange capacities carrying ammonium modifications of various chemical architectures were synthesized using solution casting approach. The commercially treated montmorillonites were observed to contain a large excess of unbound ammonium ions on the surface, which had a negative impact on the permeation properties of the composites owing to the suspected interactions of these unbound ammonium ions with the epoxy polymer. The permeation behavior was significantly improved when self-modified clays free of any excess ammonium modification were used. The microstructure development was unaffected by the physical state of the clay surface indicating that the potential changes in the polymer properties at the interface as well as interfacial interactions in the composites carrying the commercially modified clays may have led to increase in the free volume. Optimal preparation of the clay surface holds the key to achieve enhancement in the composite performance. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · Conducting polymers and applications · Synthesis and properties of polymers
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Usuki A, Kojima Y, Kawasumi M, Okada A, Fukushima Y, Kurauchi T et al (1993) J Mater Res 8:1179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.117910.1557/JMR.1993.1179 ↗
2. Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Kojima Y, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1993) J Mater Res 8:1174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.117410.1557/JMR.1993.1174 ↗
3. Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1993) J Polym Sci Part Polym Chem 32:983. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.08031041810.1002/pola.1993.080310418 ↗
4. Bailey SW (1984) In: Bailey SW (ed) Reviews in mineralogy. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
5. Bailey SW (1980) In: Brindley GW, Brown G (eds) Crystal structure of clay minerals and their x-ray identification. Mineralogical Society, London
6. Theng BKG (1974) The chemistry of clay-organic reactions. Adam Hilger, London
7. Lagaly G, Beneke K (1991) Colloid Polym Sci 269:1198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0065252910.1007/BF00652529 ↗
8. Giannelis EP (1996) Adv Mater 8:29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.1996008010410.1002/adma.19960080104 ↗
9. Gilman JW, Jackson CL, Morgan AB, Harris R, Manias E, Giannelis EP et al (2000) Chem Mater 12:1866. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000176010.1021/cm0001760 ↗
10. LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinavaia TJ (1999) Appl Clay Sci 15:11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00017-410.1016/S0169-1317(99)00017-4 ↗
11. Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Mater Sci Eng Rep 28:1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-710.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7 ↗
12. Osman MA, Mittal V, Morbidelli M, Suter UW (2003) Macromolecules 36:9851. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035077x10.1021/ma035077x ↗
13. May CA (1988) Epoxy resins chemistry and technology, 2nd edn. Dekker, New York
14. Lee H, Neville K (1967) Handbook of epoxy resins. McGraw-Hill, New York
15. Ellis B (1993) Chemistry and technology of epoxy resins. Blackie Academic & Professional, London10.1007/978-94-011-2932-9 ↗
16. Messersmith PB, Giannelis EP (1994) Chem Mater 6:1719. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a02610.1021/cm00046a026 ↗
17. Lan T, Kaviratna PD, Pinnavaia TJ (1995) Chem Mater 7:2144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00059a02310.1021/cm00059a023 ↗
18. Zilg C, Mulhaupt R, Finter J (1999) Macromol Chem Phys 200:661. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19990301)200:3<661::AID-MACP661>3.0.CO;2-410.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19990301)200:3<661::AID-MACP661>3.0.CO;2-4 ↗
19. Brown JM, Curliss D, Vaia RA (2000) Chem Mater 12:3376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000477+10.1021/cm000477+ ↗
20. Zerda AS, Lesser AJ (2001) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 39:1137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.109010.1002/polb.1090 ↗
21. Kornmann X, Lindberg H, Berglund LA (2001) Polymer (Guildf) 42:1303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00346-310.1016/S0032-3861(00)00346-3 ↗
22. Kornmann X, Thomann R, Mulhaupt R, Finter J, Berglund L (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 86:2643. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1127910.1002/app.11279 ↗
23. Kong D, Park CE (2003) Chem Mater 15:419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm020583710.1021/cm0205837 ↗
24. Chin IJ, Thurn-Albrecht T, Kim HC, Russell TP, Wang J (2001) Polymer (Guildf) 42:5947. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00898-310.1016/S0032-3861(00)00898-3 ↗
25. Osman MA, Atallah A, Suter UW (2004) Polymer (Guildf) 45:1177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.02010.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.020 ↗
26. Morgan AB, Harris JD (2003) Polymer (Guildf) 44:2313. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00095-810.1016/S0032-3861(03)00095-8 ↗
27. Kadar F, Szazdi L, Fekete E, Pukanszky B (2006) Langmuir 22:7848. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/la060144c10.1021/la060144c ↗
28. Osman MA, Ploetze M, Suter UW (2003) J Mater Chem 13:2359. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/b302331a10.1039/b302331a ↗
29. Osman MA, Mittal V, Morbidelli M, Suter UW (2004) Macromolecules 37:7250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ma048798k10.1021/ma048798k ↗
30. Osman MA, Ploetze M, Skrabal P (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:2580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp036676910.1021/jp0366769 ↗
31. Osman MA, Mittal V, Suter UW (2007) Macromol Chem Phys 208:68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.20060044410.1002/macp.200600444 ↗