An investigation into the dynamic indentation response of metallic materials
Source abstract
Abstract
The dynamic indentation response of several ductile metallic materials [Al(111), polycrystalline copper, Fe, and Ti6Al4V] has been investigated using a pendulum-based nano-impact test. The impact process involves repetitive contact cycles until finally coming to rest in the material. Each cycle includes four phases: acceleration, indentation, rebound, and deceleration. The dynamic indentation resistance of the metallic materials scales with their hardness determined under quasi-static conditions. However, through a one-dimensional analytical model, it has been shown that the relationship between the dynamic resistance and the depth during indentation cannot be adequately described using the quadratic relationship commonly found under quasi-static conditions. A power law relationship with a reduced index was proposed and it is found the index is around 1 when the quasi-static and dynamic compliance are similar. A linear relationship between impact resistance and depth has been found during rebound, where the released elastic energy is much higher than that produced by quasi-static nanoindentation.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. Nemat-Nasser S (2000) Introduction to high strain rate testing. In: ASM handbook volume 8 mechanical testing and evaluation. ASM International, Ohio, pp 939–943
2. Şahin O, Uzun O, Kölemen U, Uçar N (2008) Analysis of ISE in dynamic hardness measurements of β-Sn single crystals using a depth-sensing indentation technique. Mater Charact 59:729–73610.1016/j.matchar.2007.06.005 ↗
3. Ma D, Ong CW (2010) Analytical relationship among nominal hardness, reduced Young’s modulus, the work of indentation, and strain hardening exponent. J Mater Sci 45:2530–253310.1007/s10853-010-4289-7 ↗
4. Fu GH, Cao L (2005) On the effective indenter shape used in the analysis of nanoindentation unloading curves. J Mater Sci 40:2683–268410.1007/s10853-005-2105-6 ↗
5. Beake BD, Lau SP, Smith JF (2004) Evaluating the fracture properties and fatigue wear of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films on silicon by nano-impact testing. Surf Coat Tech 177–178:611–61510.1016/S0257-8972(03)00934-4 ↗
6. Beake BD (2005) Evaluation of the fracture resistance of DLC coatings on tool steel under dynamic loading. Surf Coat Tech 198:90–9310.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.048 ↗
7. Trelewicz JR, Schuh CA (2008) The Hall–Petch breakdown at high strain rates: optimizing nanocrystalline grain size for impact applications. Appl Phys Lett 93:17191610.1063/1.3000655 ↗
8. Chen J, Ji R, Khan R, Li X, Beake BD (2011) Effects of mechanical properties and layer structure on the cyclic dynamic loading of TiN-based coatings. Surf Coat Tech 206:522–52910.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.079 ↗
9. Xu C, Zhang J, Liu S, Jing Y, Jiao Y (2015) Microstructure, mechanical and damping properties of Mg–Er–Gd–Zn alloy reinforced with stacking faults. Mater Des 79:53–5910.1016/j.matdes.2015.04.037 ↗
10. Peykov D, Martin E, Chromik RR, Gauvin R, Trudeau M (2012) Evaluation of strain rate sensitivity by constant load nanoindentation. J Mater Sci 47:7189–720010.1007/s10853-012-6665-y ↗
11. Chen J, Beake BD, Wellman RG, Nicholls JR, Dong H (2012) An investigation into the correlation between nano-impact resistance and erosion performance of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings on thermal ageing. Surf Coat Tech 206:4992–499810.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.06.011 ↗
12. Beake BD, Smith JF (2004) Nano-impact testing–an effective tool for assessing the resistance of advanced wear-resistant coatings to fatigue failure and delamination. Surf Coat Tech 188–189:594–59810.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.016 ↗
13. Fox-Rabinovich GS, Beake BD, Endrino JL, Veldhuis SC, Parkinson R (2006) Effect of mechanical properties measured at room and elevated temperatures on the wear resistance of cutting tools with TiAlN and AlCrN coatings. Surf Coat Tech 200:5738–574210.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.132 ↗
14. Chen J, Li XY, Ji R, Khan R, Fuentes G (2013) Nanomechanical properties of duplex treated 42CrMo4 steel. Surf Eng 29:462–46710.1179/1743294413Y.0000000131 ↗
15. Saber-Samandari S, Gross KA (2013) Contact nanofatigue shows crack growth in amorphous calcium phosphate on Ti, Co–Cr and stainless steel. Acta Biomater 9:788–5794
16. Wheeler JM, Gunner AG (2013) Analysis of failure modes under nano-impact fatigue of coatings via high-speed sampling. Surf Coat Tech 232:264–26810.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.05.028 ↗
17. Faisal NH, Ahmed R, Goel S, Fu YQ (2014) Influence of test methodology and probe geometry on nanoscale fatigue failure of diamond-like carbon film. Surf Coat Tech 242:42–5310.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.01.015 ↗
18. Beake BD, Smith JF, Gray A, Fox-Rabinovich GS, Veldhuis SC (2007) Investigating the correlation between nano-impact fracture resistance and hardness/modulus ratio from nanoindentation at 25–500 degrees C and the fracture resistance and lifetime of cutting tools with Ti1−xAlxN (x = 0.5 and 0.67) PVD coatings in milling operations. Surf Coat Tech 201:800110.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.03.047 ↗
19. Beake BD, Fox-Rabinovich GS, Veldhuis SC, Goodes SR (2009) Coating optimisation for high speed machining with advanced nanomechanical test methods. Surf Coat Tech 203:1919–192510.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.01.025 ↗
20. Bouzakis K, Michailidis N, Bouzakis E, Katirtzoglou G, Makrimallakis S (2011) Cutting performance of coated tools with various adhesion strength quantified by inclined impact tests. Cirp Ann Manuf Techn 60:105–10810.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.076 ↗
21. Bouzakis K, Skordaris G, Maliaris G, Bouzakis E, Makrimallakis S (2012) Cutting tools coating failure prediction based on innovative film characterisation methods. J Balk Tribol Assoc 18:106–123
22. Bouzakis KD, Gerardis S, Skordaris G, Bouzakis E (2011) Nano-impact test on a TiAlN PVD coating and correlation between experimental and FEM results. Surf Coat Tech 206:1936–194010.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.08.015 ↗
23. Jennett NM, Nunn J (2011) High resolution measurement of dynamic (nano) indentation impact energy: a step towards the determination of indentation fracture resistance. Philos Mag 91:1200–122010.1080/14786435.2010.485585 ↗
24. Constantinides G, Tweedie CA, Savva N, Smith JF, Van Vliet KJ (2009) Quantitative impact testing of energy dissipation at surfaces. Exp Mech 49:511–52210.1007/s11340-008-9198-1 ↗
25. Andrews EW, Giannakopoulos AE, Plisson E, Suresh S (2002) Analysis of the impact of a sharp indenter. Int J Solids Struct 39:281–29510.1016/S0020-7683(01)00215-3 ↗
26. Meyer E, Ver Z (1908) Contribution to the knowledge of hardness and hardness testing. Z Ver Dtsch Ing 52:645–654
27. Attaf MT (2004) Connection between the loading curve models in elastoplastic indentation. Mater Lett 58:3491–349810.1016/j.matlet.2004.06.049 ↗
28. Hainsworth SV, Chandler HW, Page TF (1996) Analysis of nanoindentation load-displacement loading curves. J Mater Res 11:198710.1557/JMR.1996.0250 ↗
29. Giannakopoulos AE, Suresh S (1999) Determination of elastoplastic properties by instrumented sharp indentation. Scripta Mater 40:1191–119810.1016/S1359-6462(99)00011-1 ↗
30. Zeng K, Chiu CH (2001) An analysis of load-penetration curves from instrumented indentation. Acta Mater 49:3539–355110.1016/S1359-6454(01)00245-2 ↗
31. Johnson KL (1985) Contact mechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge10.1017/CBO9781139171731 ↗
32. Merle B, Maier V, Durst K (2014) Experimental and theoretical confirmation of the scaling exponent 2 in pyramidal load displacement data for depth sensing indentation. Scanning 36:526–52910.1002/sca.21151 ↗
33. Malzbender J, de With G (2000) The P–h2 relationship in indentation. J Mater Res 15:1209–121210.1557/JMR.2000.0171 ↗
34. Guicciardi S, Pezzotti G (2007) Analysis of Berkovich nanoindentation loading curves in SiC and SiO2 materials. J Ceram Soc Jpn 115:186–19010.2109/jcersj.115.186 ↗
35. Gong JH, Wu JJ, Guan ZD (1999) Analysis of the indentation size effect on the apparent hardness for ceramics. Mater Lett 38:197–20110.1016/S0167-577X(98)00158-X ↗
36. Kim H, Kim T (2002) Measurement of hardness on traditional ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 22:1437–144510.1016/S0955-2219(01)00457-5 ↗
37. Gerberich WW, Yu W, Kramer D, Strojny A, Bahr D (1998) Elastic loading and elastoplastic unloading from nanometer level indentations for modulus determinations. J Mater Res 13:421–43910.1557/JMR.1998.0055 ↗
38. Beake BD, Leggett GJ (2002) Nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing of uniaxially and biaxially drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. Polymer 43:319–32710.1016/S0032-3861(01)00600-0 ↗
39. Garcia IA, Berasategui EG, Bull SJ, Page TF, Neidhardt J (2002) How hard is fullerene-like CNx? Some observations from the nanoindentation response of a magnetron-sputtered coating. Philos Mag A 82:2133–214710.1080/01418610208235723 ↗
40. Sakai M, Shimizu S, Ishikawa T (1999) The indentation load-depth curve of ceramics. J Mater Res 14:1471–148410.1557/JMR.1999.0198 ↗
41. Elmustafa AA, Stone DS (2003) Nanoindentation and the indentation size effect: kinetics of deformation and strain gradient plasticity. J Mech Phys Solids 51:357–38110.1016/S0022-5096(02)00033-9 ↗
42. Golovin YI, Tyurin AI, Khlebnikov VV (2005) Effect of the conditions of dynamic nanoindentation on the strain-rate sensitivity of hardness for solids with different structures. Tech Phys 50:479–48310.1134/1.1901788 ↗
43. Ma X, Yoshida F, Shinbata K (2003) On the loading curve in microindentation of viscoplastic solder alloy. Mat Sci Eng A 344:29610.1016/S0921-5093(02)00442-2 ↗
44. Cheng Y, Li Z, Cheng C (2002) Scaling relationships for indentation measurements. Philos Mag A 82:1821–182910.1080/01418610208235693 ↗
45. Mishra A, Martin M, Thadhani NN, Kad BK, Kenik EA (2008) High-strain-rate response of ultra-fine-grained copper. Acta Mater 56:2770–278310.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.023 ↗
46. Ulacia I, Dudamell NV, Gálvez F, Yi S, Pérez-Prado MT (2010) Mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of a Mg AZ31 sheet at dynamic strain rates. Acta Mater 58:2988–299810.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.029 ↗
47. Knezevic M, Zecevic M, Beyerlein IJ, Bingert JF, McCabe RJ (2015) Strain rate and temperature effects on the selection of primary and secondary slip and twinning systems in HCP Zr. Acta Mater 88:55–7310.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.037 ↗
48. Nemat-Nasser S, Choi JY (2005) Strain rate dependence of deformation mechanisms in a Ni–Ti–Cr shape-memory alloy. Acta Mater 53:449–45410.1016/j.actamat.2004.10.001 ↗
49. Tabor D (1951) The hardness of metals. Clarendon Press, Oxford
50. Constantinides G, Tweedie CA, Holbrook DM, Barragan P, Smith JF (2008) Quantifying deformation and energy dissipation of polymeric surfaces under localized impact. Sci Eng A, Mat
51. Oliver WC, Pharr GM (1992) An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J Mater Res 7:1564–158310.1557/JMR.1992.1564 ↗
52. Almasri AH, Voyiadjis GZ (2007) Effect of strain rate on the dynamic hardness in metals. J Eng Mater T ASME 129:505–51210.1115/1.2744430 ↗
53. Almasri A, Voyiadjis GZ (2008) Physically based constitutive model for body centered cubic metals with applications to iron. J Eng Mech ASCE 134:521–52910.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:7(521) ↗
54. Voyiadjis GZ, Almasri AH (2008) A physically based constitutive model for fcc metals with applications to dynamic hardness. Mech Mater 40:549–56310.1016/j.mechmat.2007.11.008 ↗
55. Clough RB, Webb SC, Armstrong RW (2003) Dynamic hardness measurements using a dropped ball: with application to 1018 steel. Mater Sci Eng, A 360:396–40710.1016/S0921-5093(03)00499-4 ↗
56. Subhash G (2000) Dynamic indentation testing. In: Lampman SR (ed) ASM handbook, mechanical testing and evaluation. ASM International, Ohio
57. Chrobak D, Kim KH, Kurzydlowski KJ, Nowak R (2013) Nanoindentation experiments with different loading rate distinguish the mechanism of incipient plasticity. Appl Phys Lett 103:7210110.1063/1.4818260 ↗
58. Cao YP, Qian XQ, Lu J, Yao ZH (2005) An energy-based method to extract plastic properties of metal materials from conical indentation tests. J Mater Res 20:1194–120610.1557/JMR.2005.0147 ↗
59. Bull SJ (2006) Using work of indentation to predict erosion behavior in bulk materials and coatings. J Phys D Appl Phys 39:1626–163410.1088/0022-3727/39/8/023 ↗
60. Beegan D, Chowdhury S, Laugier MT (2005) Work of indentation methods for determining copper film hardness. Surf Coat Tech 192:57–6310.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.02.003 ↗
61. Subhash G, Koepper BJ, Chandra A (1999) Dynamic indentation hardness and rate sensitivity in metals. J Eng Mater Technol 121:257–26310.1115/1.2812373 ↗
62. Sundararajan G, Tirupataiah Y (2006) The localization of plastic flow under dynamic indentation conditions: I. Experimental results. Acta Mater 54:565–57510.1016/j.actamat.2005.09.022 ↗
63. Sundararajan G, Tirupataiah Y (2006) The localization of plastic flow under dynamic indentation conditions: II. Analysis of results. Acta Mater 54:577–58610.1016/j.actamat.2005.09.021 ↗