Flexible carbon–cellulose fiber-based composite gas diffusion layer for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, wet-laying process, mostly used in pulp and paper industry, was employed for the fabrication of composite gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Cellulose fiber-based composite GDL was manufactured without using polluting, volatile organic compounds so that a green and environmentally friendly process was utilized. Fabricated cellulose-based composite GDLs were characterized ex situ by resistivity, mechanical strength, and porosity measurements and investigation of their morphology by SEM. Carbon–cellulose fiber-based electrically conducting composite GDLs with excellent flexibility, uniformity, and porosity were achieved. Gas diffusion electrodes were prepared using electrospraying technique to provide high surface area and homogenous dispersion. Moreover, PEM fuel cell performance of the fabricated composite GDLs was investigated for the first time in literature.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Conducting polymers and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Gubler L, Alkan Gürsel S, Hajbolouri F, Kramer D, Beck N, Reiner A, Steiger B, Scherer GG, Wokaun A, Rajesh B, Thampi KR (2004) Materials for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Chimia 58:826–83610.2533/000942904777677128 ↗
2. Litster S, McLean G (2004) PEM fuel cell electrodes. J Power Sources 130(1–2):61–7610.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.055 ↗
3. Morgan JM, Datta R (2014) Understanding the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. I. How its structural characteristics affect diffusion and performance. J Power Sources 251:269–27810.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.090 ↗
4. Park S, Popov BN (2011) Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance. Fuel 90(1):436–44010.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.003 ↗
5. Kandlikar SG, Garofalo ML, Lu Z (2011) Water management in a PEMFC: water transport mechanism and material degradation in gas diffusion layers. Fuel Cells 11(6):814–82310.1002/fuce.201000172 ↗
6. Hu L, Pasta M, Mantia FL, Cui L, Jeong S, Deshazer HD et al (2010) Stretchable, porous, and conductive energy textiles. Nano Lett 10(2):708–71410.1021/nl903949m ↗
7. Wang Y, Wang C-Y, Chen KS (2007) Elucidating differences between carbon paper and carbon cloth in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 52(12):3965–397510.1016/j.electacta.2006.11.012 ↗
8. Ring M, Godsay MP, Swenson RS, Kent JN (1977) Method for forming wet-laid non-woven webs. US Pat 4007083
9. Mathur RB, Maheshwari PH, Dhami TL, Sharma RK, Sharma CP (2006) Processing of carbon composite paper as electrode for fuel cell. J Power Sources 161(2):790–79810.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.05.053 ↗
10. Maheshwari PH, Gupta C, Mathur RB (2014) Role of fiber length and pore former on the porous network of carbon paper electrode and its performance in PEMFC. Fuel Cells 14(4):566–57310.1002/fuce.201300290 ↗
11. Kim H, Lee Y-J, Lee D-C, Park G-G, Yoo Y (2013) Fabrication of the carbon paper by wet-laying of ozone-treated carbon fibers with hydrophilic functional groups. Carbon 60:429–43610.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.057 ↗
12. Luo Y, Zhang J, Li X, Liao C, Li X (2014) The cellulose nanofibers for optoelectronic conversion and energy storage. J Nanomater 2014:13
13. Jabbour L, Chaussy D, Eyraud B, Beneventi D (2012) Highly conductive graphite/carbon fiber/cellulose composite papers. Compos Sci Technol 72(5):616–62310.1016/j.compscitech.2012.01.006 ↗
14. Shi Y, Wang B (2014) Mechanical properties of carbon fiber/cellulose composite papers modified by hot-melting fibers. Prog Nat Sci 24(1):56–6010.1016/j.pnsc.2014.01.006 ↗
15. Wang F, Drzal LT, Qin Y, Huang Z (2015) Multifunctional graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystals composite paper. Compos B 79:521–52910.1016/j.compositesb.2015.04.031 ↗
16. Liu L, Niu Z, Zhang L, Zhou W, Chen X, Xie S (2014) Nanostructured graphene composite papers for highly flexible and foldable supercapacitors. Adv Mater 26(28):4855–486210.1002/adma.201401513 ↗
17. Isikel L, Gocek I, Adanur S (2010) Design and characterization of nonwoven fabrics for gas diffusion layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J Text Inst 101(11):1006–101410.1080/00405000903083831 ↗
18. Wang X, Richey FW, Wujcik KH, Elabd YA (2014) Ultra-low platinum loadings in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrodes fabricated via simultaneous electrospinning/electrospraying method. J Power Sources 264:42–4810.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.052 ↗
19. Chaparro AM, Gallardo B, Folgado MA, Martín AJ, Daza L (2009) PEMFC electrode preparation by electrospray: optimization of catalyst load and ionomer content. Catal Today 143(3–4):237–24110.1016/j.cattod.2008.12.003 ↗
20. Şanlı LI, Bayram V, Yarar B, Ghobadi S, Alkan Gürsel S (2016) Development of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Effect of support type and impregnation–reduction methods. Int J Hydrogen Energy 41:3414–342710.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.166 ↗
21. Fu SY, Lauke B, Mäder E, Yue CY, Hu X (2000) Tensile properties of short-glass-fiber- and short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos A 31(10):1117–112510.1016/S1359-835X(00)00068-3 ↗
22. Park S, Lee J-W, Popov BN (2006) Effect of carbon loading in microporous layer on PEM fuel cell performance. J Power Sources 163(1):357–36310.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.020 ↗
23. Mathias MF, Roth J, Fleming J, Lehnert W (2010) Diffusion media materials and characterisation. Handbook of fuel cells. Wiley, London
24. Gostick JT, Fowler MW, Pritzker MD, Ioannidis MA, Behra LM (2006) In-plane and through-plane gas permeability of carbon fiber electrode backing layers. J Power Sources 162(1):228–23810.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.096 ↗
25. Kaviany M (1991) Principles of heat transfer in porous media/M. Kaviany. Springer, New York10.1007/978-1-4684-0412-8 ↗
26. http://www.avcarb.com/product/molded-graphite-laminate . Accessed 10 Nov 2016
27. Kong CS, Kim D-Y, Lee H-K, Shul Y-G, Lee T-H (2002) Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 108(1–2):185–19110.1016/S0378-7753(02)00028-9 ↗
28. Tang H, Wang S, Pan M, Yuan R (2007) Porosity-graded micro-porous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 166(1):41–4610.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.021 ↗
29. Schmittinger W, Vahidi A (2008) A review of the main parameters influencing long-term performance and durability of PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 180(1):1–1410.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.070 ↗
30. Arvay A, Yli-Rantala E, Liu CH, Peng XH, Koski P, Cindrella L et al (2012) Characterization techniques for gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a review. J Power Sources 213:317–33710.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.026 ↗
31. He W, Lin G, Van Nguyen T (2003) Diagnostic tool to detect electrode flooding in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. AIChE J 49(12):3221–322810.1002/aic.690491221 ↗
32. Cultura AB, Salameh ZM (2014) Dynamic analysis of a stand alone operation of PEM fuel cell system. J Power Energy Eng 2:1–810.4236/jpee.2014.21001 ↗
33. Yan W-M, Hsueh C-Y, Soong C-Y, Chen F, Cheng C-H, Mei S-C (2007) Effects of fabrication processes and material parameters of GDL on cell performance of PEM fuel cell. Int J Hydrogen Energy 32(17):4452–445810.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.02.003 ↗