journal article·2025-01

Design and development of geopolymer composite bricks for eco-friendly construction

Md. Zia ul haq, Laura Ricciotti

Journal of Materials Science· Volume 60· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

In this paper, geopolymer composite bricks were prepared using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste and the influence of PET amount, curing conditions, and durability were investigated, providing valuable insights for developing environmentally friendly building materials. Notably, there is a significant increase of 56% in compressive strength as the temperature rises from 30 °C to 70 °C. The presence of PET waste increases water absorption, which is positively correlated with thermal conductivity by 39%. Additionally, there is a negative correlation of 42% between water absorption and average compressive strength. The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals the presence of voids, fractures, and changes in the composition of the material at a microscopic level. Significantly, substituting PET waste ranging from 0 to 100% enhances thermal conductivity by up to 25%. The use of a clustering algorithm-based analysis highlights the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, of fundamental importance for improving geopolymer composite formulations. The results provide crucial information to predict and study the properties of geopolymer composite bricks, highlighting their ability to solve environmental issues in the building materials.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (49)

Show source-provided references
1. Durastanti C, Moretti L (2020) Environmental impacts of cement production: A statistical analysis. Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 10:1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1022821210.3390/app10228212 ↗
2. Nawaz M, Heitor A, Sivakumar M (2020) Geopolymers in construction - recent developments. Constr Build Mater 260:120472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12047210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120472 ↗
3. Marsh ATM, Velenturf APM, Bernal SA (2022) Circular Economy strategies for concrete: implementation and integration. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.13248610.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132486 ↗
4. Rahman A, Rasul MG, Khan MMK, Sharma S (2016) Cement Kiln Process Modeling to Achieve Energy Efficiency by Utilizing Agricultural Biomass as Alternative Fuels. Thermofluid Modeling for Energy Efficiency Applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802397-6.00009-910.1016/B978-0-12-802397-6.00009-9 ↗
5. Xie J, Wang J, Zhang B, Fang C, Li L (2019) Physicochemical properties of alkali activated GGBS and fly ash geopolymeric recycled concrete. Constr Build Mater 204:384–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.19110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.191 ↗
6. Yadav AK, Shah DS, Amlani DN, et al (2016) Comparative Study of Rice Husk Ash , Metakaolin & Standard Concrete. 81–84
7. Assi LN, Carter K, Deaver E, Ziehl P (2020) Review of availability of source materials for geopolymer/sustainable concrete. J Clean Prod 263:121477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12147710.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121477 ↗
8. Van Deventer JSJ (2016) Progress in the Adoption of Geopolymer Cement. Handbook of Low Carbon Concrete. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804524-4.00010-510.1016/B978-0-12-804524-4.00010-5 ↗
9. Wang S, Xue Q, Zhu Y et al (2020) Experimental study on material ratio and strength performance of geopolymer-improved soil. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12046910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120469 ↗
10. Al-Ghouti MA, Khan M, Nasser MS et al (2021) Recent advances and applications of municipal solid wastes bottom and fly ashes: Insights into sustainable management and conservation of resources. Environ Technol Innov. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.10126710.1016/j.eti.2020.101267 ↗
11. Verma P, Dhurvey P, Sundramurthy VP (2022) Potential Assessment of E-Waste Plastic in Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Using Petrography Image Analysis. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/779032010.1155/2022/7790320 ↗
12. Khan MI, Huat HY, bin Muhamad Dun MH, et al (2019) Effect of irradiated and non-irradiated waste PET based cementitious grouts on flexural strength of semi-flexible pavement. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/MA1224413310.3390/MA12244133 ↗
13. Subramaniaprasad CK, Abraham BM, Nambiar EKK (2014) Influence of Embedded Waste-Plastic Fibers on the Improvement of the Tensile Strength of Stabilized Mud Masonry Blocks. J Mater Civ Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000116510.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001165 ↗
14. Aravind Raj PS, Divahar R, Lilly R, Porselvan R, Ganesan K (2022) Experimental Investigation of Geopolymer Flexible Pavement with Waste Plastics Aggregates. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 21(2):721–726. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2022.v21i02.03310.46488/NEPT.2022.v21i02.033 ↗
15. El-Tanani M, Mahasneh BZ, Muhana F et al (2022) Blending Plastics Waste with Highly Available Jordanian Kaolin for Preparation of Alkali-Activated Mortars. Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14231574210.3390/su142315742 ↗
16. Saxena SK, Kumar M, Singh NB (2018) Effect of Alccofine powder on the properties of Pond fly ash based Geopolymer mortar under different conditions. Environ Technol Innov 9:232–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.12.01010.1016/j.eti.2017.12.010 ↗
17. Bhogayata AC, Arora NK (2019) Utilization of metalized plastic waste of food packaging articles in geopolymer concrete. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 21:1014–1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00859-910.1007/s10163-019-00859-9 ↗
18. Lazorenko G, Kasprzhitskii A, Fini EH (2022) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastic as natural aggregate replacement in geopolymer mortar production. J Clean Prod 375:134083. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.13408310.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.134083 ↗
19. Iftikhar S, Rashid K, Haq EU et al (2020) Synthesis and characterization of sustainable geopolymer green clay bricks: An alternative to burnt clay brick. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11965910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119659 ↗
20. Hodhod OA, Alharthy SE, Bakr SM (2020) Physical and mechanical properties for metakaolin geopolymer bricks. Constr Build Mater 265:120217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12021710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120217 ↗
21. Amin SK, El-Sherbiny SA, El-Magd AAMA et al (2017) Fabrication of geopolymer bricks using ceramic dust waste. Constr Build Mater 157:610–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.05210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.052 ↗
22. Madani H, Ramezanianpour AA, Shahbazinia M, Ahmadi E (2020) Geopolymer bricks made from less active waste materials. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11844110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118441 ↗
23. Hui X, Wan Y, He X et al (2023) Using alkali-activated dredge sludge ash-bentonite for low permeability cutoff walls: The engineering properties and micromechanism. Environ Technol Innov. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.10306010.1016/j.eti.2023.103060 ↗
24. Mei Y, Pang J, Wang X et al (2023) Coal gangue geopolymers as sustainable and cost-effective adsorbents for efficient removal of Cu (II). Environ Technol Innov. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.10341610.1016/j.eti.2023.103416 ↗
25. Komnitsas K, Zaharaki D (2007) Geopolymerisation: A review and prospects for the minerals industry. Miner Eng 20:1261–1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2007.07.01110.1016/j.mineng.2007.07.011 ↗
26. Haq MdZU, Sood H, Kumar R, Merta I (2024) Taguchi-optimized triple-aluminosilicate geopolymer bricks with recycled sand: A sustainable construction solution. Case Studies in Construction Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e0278010.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02780 ↗
27. Maaze MR, Shrivastava S (2024) Development and performance evaluation of recycled brick waste-based geopolymer brick for improved physcio-mechanical, brick-bond and durability properties. Journal of Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2024.11070110.1016/J.JOBE.2024.110701 ↗
28. Iftikhar S, Rashid K, Haq EU, Zafar I, Alqahtani FK, Iqbal Khan M (2020) Synthesis and characterization of sustainable geopolymer green clay bricks: An alternative to burnt clay brick. Constr Build Mater 259:119659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11965910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119659 ↗
29. Fořt J, Novotný R, Vejmelková E et al (2019) Characterization of geopolymers prepared using powdered brick. J Market Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.01910.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.019 ↗
30. Apithanyasai S, Supakata N, Papong S (2020) The potential of industrial waste: using foundry sand with fly ash and electric arc furnace slag for geopolymer brick production. Heliyon 6:e03697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e0369710.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03697 ↗
31. Rahmati M, Toufigh V (2022) Evaluation of geopolymer concrete at high temperatures: An experimental study using machine learning. J Clean Prod 372:133608. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.13360810.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.133608 ↗
32. Ahmed HU, Mohammed AS, Mohammed AA (2023) Engineering properties of geopolymer concrete composites incorporated recycled plastic aggregates modified with nano-silica. Journal of Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2023.10694210.1016/J.JOBE.2023.106942 ↗
33. Deng Z, Zhang S, Deng Z (2023) PVA fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortar made with hybrid recycled aggregates: Toward thermal insulation, lightweight and improved durability. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.13920010.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.139200 ↗
34. Elyamany HE, Abd Elmoaty AEM, Elshaboury AM (2018) Setting time and 7-day strength of geopolymer mortar with various binders. Constr Build Mater 187:974–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2018.08.02510.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2018.08.025 ↗
35. Ranjbar N, Kuenzel C, Spangenberg J, Mehrali M (2020) Hardening evolution of geopolymers from setting to equilibrium: A review. Cem Concr Compos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.10372910.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103729 ↗
36. Topark-Ngarm P, Chindaprasirt P, Sata V (2015) Setting Time, Strength, and Bond of High-Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete. J Mater Civ Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000115710.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001157 ↗
37. Lamba P, Kaur DP, Raj S, Sorout J (2022) Recycling/reuse of plastic waste as construction material for sustainable development: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:86156–86179. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-021-16980-Y10.1007/S11356-021-16980-Y ↗
38. Kunthawatwong R, Wongsa A, Ekprasert J et al (2023) Performance of Geopolymer Mortar Containing PVC Plastic Waste from Bottle Labels at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Buildings. https://doi.org/10.3390/BUILDINGS1304103110.3390/BUILDINGS13041031 ↗
39. Turkey FA, Beddu SB, Ahmed AN, Al-Hubboubi SK (2022) Effect of high temperatures on the properties of lightweight geopolymer concrete based fly ash and glass powder mixtures. Case Studies in Construction Materials 17:e01489. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSCM.2022.E0148910.1016/J.CSCM.2022.E01489 ↗
40. Kubiś M, Pietrak K, Cieślikiewicz Ł et al (2020) On the anisotropy of thermal conductivity in ceramic bricks. Journal of Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.10141810.1016/j.jobe.2020.101418 ↗
41. Maaze MR, Shrivastava S (2023) Selection of eco-friendly alternative brick for sustainable development; A study on Technical, Economic, Environmental and Social feasibility. Constr Build Mater 408:133808. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.13380810.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.133808 ↗
42. Rihan Maaze M, Shrivastava S (2023) Design development of sustainable brick-waste geopolymer brick using full factorial design methodology. Constr Build Mater 370:130655. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.13065510.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.130655 ↗
43. Wan Q, Zhang Y, Zhang R (2020) Using mechanical activation of quartz to enhance the compressive strength of metakaolin based geopolymers. Cem Concr Compos 111:103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2020.10363510.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2020.103635 ↗
44. Ahmad M, Rashid K, Hameed R et al (2022) Physico-mechanical performance of fly ash based geopolymer brick: Influence of pressure − temperature − time. Journal of Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2022.10416110.1016/J.JOBE.2022.104161 ↗
45. Maaze MR, Shrivastava S (2023) Design optimization of a recycled concrete waste-based brick through alkali activation using Box- Behnken design methodology. Journal of Building Engineering 75:106863. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2023.10686310.1016/J.JOBE.2023.106863 ↗
46. Zaetang Y, Wongsa A, Sata V, Chindaprasirt P (2015) Use of coal ash as geopolymer binder and coarse aggregate in pervious concrete. Constr Build Mater 96:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.07610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.076 ↗
47. Hossain SS, Roy PK, Bae C-J (2021) Utilization of waste rice husk ash for sustainable geopolymer: A review. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.12521810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125218 ↗
48. Geraldo RH, Fernandes LFR, Camarini G (2017) Water treatment sludge and rice husk ash to sustainable geopolymer production. J Clean Prod 149:146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.07610.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.076 ↗
49. Freire AL, Moura-Nickel CD, Scaratti G et al (2020) Geopolymers produced with fly ash and rice husk ash applied to CO2 capture. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12291710.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122917 ↗