A review of in-situ measurement and simulation technologies for ceramic sintering: towards a digital twin sintering system

1. Javed MS, Jurasz J, Dabek PB, Ma T, Jadwiszczak P, Niemierka E (2023) Green manufacturing facilities—meeting CO2 emission targets considering power and heat supply. Appl Energy 350:121707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.12170710.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121707 ↗

2. Liu HT, Yin ZB, Zheng L, Yuan JT (2023) Spark plasma sintering of Al2O3/SiCW ceramic end mill: grain growth kinetics, mechanical properties and cutting performance. Ceram Int 49:38683–38690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.09.20210.1016/j.ceramint.2023.09.202 ↗

3. Sun JL, Liu CX, Ni XY, Zhang R, Li FX (2022) Tribological behavior of GNPs doped Al2O3 coating fabricated by SHVOF thermal spraying on cemented carbide. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 19:3436–3448. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.1413110.1111/ijac.14131 ↗

4. Lu L, Tan J, Ai X, Liu Q, Wang J, Yang Z, Niu Y, He N, Hao X (2023) Influence of tool structure on turning performance of compacted graphite iron. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 124:3553–3565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10800-410.1007/s00170-022-10800-4 ↗

5. Liu WP, Zhao CH, Peng T, Zhang ZW, Wan AP (2023) Simulation-assisted multi-process integrated optimization for greentelligent aluminum casting. Appl Energy 336:120831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.12083110.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120831 ↗

6. Zhang D, Xiao G, Chen H, Yi M, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xu C (2022) Mechanical performance and microstructure of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3/GNPs medical ceramic surgical scalpel material prepared through SPS–HF dual sintering method. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 20:3082–3096. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.1442010.1111/ijac.14420 ↗

7. Zhu Y, Gonzalez-Rosillo JC, Balaish M, Hood ZD, Kim KJ, Rupp JLM (2021) Lithium-film ceramics for solid-state lithionic devices. Nat Rev Mater 6:313–331. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00261-010.1038/s41578-020-00261-0 ↗

8. Li J, Shen Z, Chen X, Yang S, Zhou W, Wang M, Wang L, Kou Q, Liu Y, Li Q, Xu Z, Chang Y, Zhang S, Li F (2020) Grain-orientation-engineered multilayer ceramic capacitors for energy storage applications. Nat Mater 19:999–1005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0704-x10.1038/s41563-020-0704-x ↗

9. Zhang Y, Xiao G, Chen H, Yi M, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xu C (2023) Effect of NiTi content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of TiB2-TiN-based composite ceramic material prepared using spark plasma sintering. Ceram Int 49:16690–16699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.02.03010.1016/j.ceramint.2023.02.030 ↗

10. Mu X, Chen Z, Zhang S, Chen H, Xiao G, Yi M, Zhang J, Zhou T, Xu C (2023) Mechanism of improving the mechanical properties of Si3N4/TiC ceramic tool materials prepared by spark plasma sintering. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 20:2422–2437. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.1435410.1111/ijac.14354 ↗

11. Yang H, Fang H, Yu H, Chen Y, Wang L, Jiang W, Wu Y, Li J (2019) Low temperature self-densification of high strength bulk hexagonal boron nitride. Nat Commun 10:854. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08580-910.1038/s41467-019-08580-9 ↗

12. Okuma G (2023) 3D microstructural evolution in sintering observed by X-ray microtomography. J Ceram Soc Jpn 131:522–532. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.2310510.2109/jcersj2.23105 ↗

13. Kondarage AI, Poologasundarampillai G, Nommeots-Nomm A, Lee PD, Lalitharatne TD, Nanayakkara ND, Jones JR, Karunaratne A (2022) In situ 4D tomography image analysis framework to follow sintering within 3D-printed glass scaffolds. J Am Ceram Soc 105:1671–1684. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1818210.1111/jace.18182 ↗

14. Prasek MK, Pistone M, Baker DR, Sodini N, Marinoni N, Lanzafame G, Mancini L (2018) A compact and flexible induction furnace for in situ X-ray microradiograhy and computed microtomography at Elettra: design, characterization and first tests. J Synchrotron Radiat 25:1172–1181. https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057751800597010.1107/S1600577518005970 ↗

15. Bernard D, Gendron D, Heintz JM, Bordère S, Etourneau J (2005) First direct 3D visualisation of microstructural evolutions during sintering through X-ray computed microtomoaraphy. Acta Mater 53:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.02710.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.027 ↗

16. Xu F, Hu XF, Miao H, Zhao JH (2010) In situ investigation of ceramic sintering by synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography. Opt Lasers Eng 48:1082–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.12.01210.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.12.012 ↗

17. Xu F, Hu XF, Niu Y, Zhao JH, Yuan QX (2009) In situ observation of grain evolution in ceramic sintering by SR-CT technique. T Nonferr Metal Soc 19:S684–S688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60132-X10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60132-X ↗

18. Xu F, Hu XF, Zhao JH, Yuan QX (2009) In situ observation of the microstructure-evolution in silicon nitride ceramics sintering by synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography. Acta Chim Sin 67:1205–1210

19. Okuma G, Endo M, Minagawa H, Inoue R, Kakisawa H, Kohata T, Osada T, Yamamoto T, Azuma M, Takeuchi A, Uesugi M, Guillon O, Wakai F (2023) 3D visualization of morphological evolution of large defects during spark plasma sintering of alumina granules. Adv Eng Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.20220153410.1002/adem.202201534 ↗

20. Okuma G, Osada T, Minagawa H, Arai Y, Inoue R, Kakisawa H, Shimoda K, Takeuchi A, Uesugi M, Tanaka S, Wakai F (2023) Heterogeneities and defects in powder compacts and sintered alumina bodies visualized by using the synchrotron X-ray CT. J Eur Ceram Soc 43:486–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.02010.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.020 ↗

21. Okuma G, Saito N, Mizuno K, Iwazaki Y, Kishi H, Takeuchi A, Uesugi M, Uesugi K, Wakai F (2021) Microstructural evolution of electrodes in sintering of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) observed by synchrotron X-ray nano-CT. Acta Mater 20:6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.11660510.1016/j.actamat.2020.116605 ↗

22. Venkatesh AM, Bouvard D, Lhuissier P, Villanova J, Rajon C (2024) In-situ 3D X-ray investigation of ceramic powder sintering at the particle length-scale. Ceram Int 50:4715–4728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.11.21610.1016/j.ceramint.2023.11.216 ↗

23. Okuma G, Wakai F (2024) Synchrotron X-ray multiscale tomography: visualization of heterogeneous microstructures and defects in ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 107:1706–1724. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1936610.1111/jace.19366 ↗

24. Deng S, He G, Wang L, Meng Q, Yang Z, Li J, Jiang L (2021) Combustion synthesis of Si2N2O powder for photovoltaic silicon casting application. Ceram Int 47:5795–5802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.16610.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.166 ↗

25. Raether F, Hofmann R, Müller G, Sölter HJ (1998) A novel thermo-optical measuring system for the in situ study of sintering processes. J Therm Anal Calorim 53:717–735. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101011102365810.1023/A:1010111023658 ↗

26. Belgacem S, Galai H, Tiss H (2016) Qualitative and quantitative investigation of post-mortem cement refractory: the case of magnesia spinel bricks. Ceram Int 42:19147–19155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.07710.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.077 ↗

27. Matsubara H (2005) Computer simulation studies on sintering and grain growth. J Ceram Soc Jpn 113:263–268. https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.113.26310.2109/jcersj.113.263 ↗

28. Da LI, Shaou C, Weiquan S, Yuelin J, Yongcheng Z, Weina L (2007) Recent development of solid state sintering theory of advanced ceramics. Mater Rev 21:6–8

29. Li J, Zhang CF, Yin RM, Zhang WH (2018) Monte Carlo simulation of anisotropic growth of grains during liquid phase sintering for ceramics. Metalurgija 57:231–234

30. Shi H, Giuntini D, van Dommelen H, Geers MGD, Remmers JJC (2023) Efficient modelling of ceramic sintering processes: application to bilayers and membranes. J Eur Ceram Soc 43:4939–4949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.03.05310.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.03.053 ↗

31. Yi M, Wang W, Xue M, Gong Q, Xu B-X (2023) Modeling and simulation of sintering process across scales. Arch Comput Methods Eng 30:3325–3358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-023-09905-010.1007/s11831-023-09905-0 ↗

32. Zhang S, Liu W, Wang WM, Gao Y, Wang AY, He QL, Bai WH, Li RF (2023) Numerical simulation of physical fields during spark plasma sintering of boron carbide. Materials 16:3967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1611396710.3390/ma16113967 ↗

33. Green DJ, Guillon O, Rödel J (2008) Constrained sintering: a delicate balance of scales. J Eur Ceram Soc 28:1451–1466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.12.01210.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.12.012 ↗

34. Liu L, Gao F, Hu G, Liu J (2012) Simulating effects of pores on grain growth during final stage of sintering in ceramics through phase field modeling. J Northwest Polytech Univ 30:234–238

35. Luo W, Pan J (2015) Effects of surface diffusion and heating rate on first-stage sintering that densifies by grain-boundary diffusion. J Am Ceram Soc 98:3483–3489. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1366210.1111/jace.13662 ↗

36. Saptono R (2012) Solid state sintering of nanostructured ceramics. Procedia Eng 50:369–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.04210.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.042 ↗

37. Wang CZ, Wang ZJ, Huang KK, Li YG, Yang CH (2023) Digital twin for zinc roaster furnace based on knowledge-guided variable-mass thermodynamics: Modeling and application. Process Saf Environ 173:39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.03.00110.1016/j.psep.2023.03.001 ↗

38. Contini G, Peruzzini M, Bulgarelli S, Bosi G (2023) Developing key performance indicators for monitoring sustainability in the ceramic industry: the role of digitalization and industry 4.0 technologies. J Clean Prod 414:137664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.13766410.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137664 ↗

39. Tzachor A, Sabri S, Richards CE, Rajabifard A, Acuto M (2022) Potential and limitations of digital twins to achieve the sustainable development goals. Nat Sustain 5:822–829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00923-710.1038/s41893-022-00923-7 ↗

40. Raether F, Seifert G, Ziebold H (2019) Simulation of sintering across scales. Adv Theor Simul 2:1900048. https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.20190004810.1002/adts.201900048 ↗

41. Bordia RK, Kang S-JL, Olevsky EA (2017) Current understanding and future research directions at the onset of the next century of sintering science and technology. J Am Ceram Soc 100:2314–2352. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1491910.1111/jace.14919 ↗

42. Deibert W, Stournari V, Ivanova ME, Escolástico S, Serra JM, Malzbender J, Beck T, Singheiser L, Guillon O, Meulenberg WA (2018) Effect of microstructure on electrical and mechanical properties of La5.4Wo12-δ proton conductor. J Eur Ceram Soc 38:3527–3538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.04.00910.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.04.009 ↗

43. Ivanova ME, Deibert W, Marcano D, Escolástico S, Mauer G, Meulenberg WA, Bram M, Serra JM, Vaßen R, Guillon O (2019) Lanthanum tungstate membranes for H2 extraction and Co2 utilization: fabrication strategies based on sequential tape casting and plasma-spray physical vapor deposition. Sep Purif Technol 219:100–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.01510.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.015 ↗

44. Marani D, Esposito V, Sudireddy BR, Bentzen JJ, Jørgensen PS, Ni DW, Teocoli F, Kiebach R (2017) Enhanced densification of thin tape cast ceria-gadolinium oxide (CGO) layers by rheological optimization of slurries. Ceram Int 43:5647–5653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.09810.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.098 ↗

45. Sang X, Yuan Z, Yu X, Sadiq MT, Liang N, Naseer N, Xiao G (2021) Modeling and analysis of temperature compensation for multi-temperature zone sintering furnace temperature sensing. Int J Control Autom Syst 19:2431–2443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-019-0992-610.1007/s12555-019-0992-6 ↗

46. Lin Q, Chen H, Xiao G, Yi M, Chen Z, Zhang J, Xu C, Wu J (2022) Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the mechanical properties and cutting performance of alumina nanocomposite ceramic tools prepared using the SPS-HF dual sintering method. Ceram Int 48:19240–19249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.21610.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.216 ↗

47. Chiba K, Komatsu T, Kato H, Nakakita K (2020) Remote and feedback control of the flap angle in a wind tunnel test model by optical measurement. Aerospace 7:11. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace702001110.3390/aerospace7020011 ↗

48. Suk MO, Park JH (2009) Corrosion behaviors of zirconia refractory by CaO-SiO2-MGO-CaF2 slag. J Am Ceram Soc 92:717–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02905.x10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02905.x ↗

49. Tunali A, Ozel E, Turan S (2015) Production and characterisation of granulated frit to achieve anorthite based glass-ceramic glaze. J Eur Ceram Soc 35:1089–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.09.03910.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.09.039 ↗

50. Wang T, Wang K, Zhang T, Ye F, Liao Z, Xu C (2021) Wettability of molten Na2Co3–K2Co3 on coal fly ash ceramic substrates with expanded graphite. Mater Chem Phys 258:123861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.12386110.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123861 ↗

51. Xu W, Shen K, Cao Z, Liu F, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wu N, Ouyang S (2021) Crystallization and thermal stability effects on tailings glass-ceramics by various heat treating processes. Mater Chem Phys 263:124334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.12433410.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124334 ↗

52. Harboe S, Lupetin P, Guillon O, Menzler NH (2020) Investigation of LSM/8YSZ cathode within an all-ceramic SOFC, part II: optimization of performance and co-sinterability. J Eur Ceram Soc 40:3618–3631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.03.01010.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.03.010 ↗

53. Bartonickova E, Vojtisek J, Tkacz J, Porizka J, Masilko J, Moncekova M, Parizek L (2017) Porous HA/alumina composites intended for bone-tissue engineering. Mater Technol 51:631–636. https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2016.19110.17222/mit.2016.191 ↗

54. Synkiewicz-Musialska B, Szwagierczak D, Kulawik J, Palka N, Piasecki P (2021) Structural, thermal and dielectric properties of low dielectric permittivity cordierite-mullite-glass substrates at terahertz frequencies. Materials 14:4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1414403010.3390/ma14144030 ↗

55. Yang W, Ye F (2021) The mechanical and thermal properties, CMAs corrosion resistance, and the wettability of novel thermal barrier material gdtao4. Ceram Int 47:28685–28697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.02810.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.028 ↗

56. Neuroth M, Schreck T, Simmat R, Nover G, Müller M, Muhammadieh M, Bonn B (2011) Untersuchungen zum sinterverhalten von kohleaschen bei der braunkohlenverfeuerung. VGB PT 91:83–89

57. Lichtner A, Roussel D, Roehrens D, Jauffres D, Villanova J, Martin CL, Bordia RK (2018) Anisotropic sintering behavior of freeze-cast ceramics by optical dilatometry and discrete-element simulations. Acta Mater 155:343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.06.00110.1016/j.actamat.2018.06.001 ↗

58. Zhang J, Jiang D, Lin Q, Chen Z, Huang Z (2015) Properties of silicon carbide ceramics from gelcasting and pressureless sintering. Mater Des 65:12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.08.03410.1016/j.matdes.2014.08.034 ↗

59. Deibert W, Huang ME, YuanyeMerkle RotrautMaier, JoachimMeulenberg WA (2022) Fabrication of multi-layered structures for proton conducting ceramic cells. J Mater Chem A 10:2362–2373. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA05240C10.1039/D1TA05240C ↗

60. Alkan G, Mechnich P, Lucas H, Knoblauch N, Sommerfeld M, Flucht F, Pernpeintner J, Sergeev D, Mueller M, Friedrich B (2022) Assessment of metallurgical slags as solar heat absorber particles. Minerials 12:121–139. https://doi.org/10.3390/min1202012110.3390/min12020121 ↗

61. Zhao H, Peng C, Wu M, Lv M, Wu J (2019) A crystallization method for preparation of anatase-based glass-ceramic glaze. J Eur Ceram Soc 39:1725–1729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.11.02710.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.11.027 ↗

62. Su H, Xiao LR, Tu XX, Cai ZY, Peng ZW, Zhong Q, Wang S, Zhao XJ (2022) Preparation and high temperature properties of NB/Y2O3 coating on the pure NB substrate by laser cladding. Surf Coat Technol 447:128811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.12881110.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128811 ↗

63. Xue P, Xu A, He D, Yang Q, Liu G, Engstrom F, Bjorkman B (2016) Research on the sintering process and characteristics of belite sulphoaluminate cement produced by bof slag. Constr Build Mater 122:567–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.09810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.098 ↗

64. Teocoli F, Ni DW, Brodersen K, Foghmoes SPV, Ramousse S, Esposito V (2014) Effects of co-sintering in self-standing CGO/YSZ and CGO/SCYSZ dense bi-layers. J Mater Sci 49:5324–5333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8235-y10.1007/s10853-014-8235-y ↗

65. Yao L, Peng C, Wu J (2013) Wettability and bond strength between leucite-reinforced dental porcelains and Co-Cr alloy. J Prosthet Dent 110:515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.04.00310.1016/j.prosdent.2013.04.003 ↗

66. Synkiewicz-Musialska B (2020) Willemite with Li2Co3 as a sintering aid for LTCC microwave substrates. Microelectron Int 37:67–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-02-2020-000910.1108/MI-02-2020-0009 ↗

67. Rangel BF, Viana MM, Fonseca MVA, Dweck J, Tavares LM (2015) Thermal characterization of a new green ceramic material by heating microscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 121:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4496-110.1007/s10973-015-4496-1 ↗

68. Ni D-W, Esposito V, Schmidt CG, Molla TT, Andersen KB, Kaiser A, Ramousse S, Pryds N (2013) Camber evolution and stress development of porous ceramic bilayers during co-firing. J Am Ceram Soc 96:972–978. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1211310.1111/jace.12113 ↗

69. Sun L, Sneller A, Kwon P (2008) Fabrication of alumina/zirconia functionally graded material: from optimization of processing parameters to phenomenological constitutive models. Mater Sci Eng A 488:31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.04410.1016/j.msea.2007.10.044 ↗

70. Tang Z, Zhang M, Zhang X, He J, Jia X, Deng L (2019) Effect of sic content on viscosity and thermal properties of foam ceramic prepared from molybdenum tailings. J Non-Cryst Solids 513:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.02.02410.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.02.024 ↗

71. Synkiewicz B (2016) Reduction of dielectric constant of LTCC substrates by introduction of controlled porosity. Microelectron Int 33:124–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-03-2016-002510.1108/MI-03-2016-0025 ↗

72. Lu CL (2018) Study on mechanism and modification of cordierite synthesized from different kaolin raw materials. Ph.D. Dissertation, Wuhan University of Technology

73. Liu B, Li J, Yavetskiy R, Ivanov M, Zeng Y, Xie T, Kou H, Zhuo S, Pan Y, Guo J (2015) Fabrication of yag transparent ceramics using carbonate precipitated yttria powder. J Eur Ceram Soc 35:2379–2390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.01410.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.014 ↗

74. Li C, Tan D, Luo C, Luo J, Cao K, Yang L, Zhou Y (2022) Transformation toughening in zirconium tantalum ceramics. Sci China-Tech Sci 65:1772–1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-022-2131-y10.1007/s11431-022-2131-y ↗

75. Takagi S, Inukai K, Kawai N, Nozawa S, Kyono A, Fukaya R, Adachi S-I, Ichiyanagi K (2021) Visualization of transformation toughening of zirconia ceramics during dynamic fracture. Appl Phys Lett 118:231901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004460710.1063/5.0044607 ↗

76. Liu B, Liu N, Luo J, Xiao Z (2018) Study of transformation toughening behavior of an edge through crack in zirconia ceramics with the cohesive zone model. Int J Appl Mech 10:1850066. https://doi.org/10.1142/S175882511850066710.1142/S1758825118500667 ↗

77. Nemaleu JGD, Kaze CR, Belela EA, Lecomte-Nana GL, Kamseu E, Sglavo VM, Leonelli C (2022) Refractory ceramics bonds from potassium-based inorganic polymer for advanced applications: crystalline phase changes and descriptive microstructure. Ceram Int 48:21579–21588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.13010.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.130 ↗

78. Zheng WM, Sun HJ, Peng TJ, Zeng L (2019) Thermal process and mechanism of phase transition and detoxification of glass-ceramics from asbestos tailings. J Non-Cryst Solids 517:26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.10.02910.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.10.029 ↗

79. Chang YW, Yao XY, Chen YY, Huang L, Zou DQ (2023) Review on ceramic-based composite phase change materials: preparation, characterization and application. Compos Part B-Eng 254:110584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.11058410.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110584 ↗

80. Li B, Zheng Y, Shao X, Li K, Xu X, Chen M, Liang H, Yang M (2023) Growth kinetics of ceramic grains during liquid phase sintering in Mo2FEB2-based cermets. Int J Refract Met H 110:105991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.10599110.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105991 ↗

81. Dillon SJ, Ma Y, Oyang J-H, Coffman DK, Hussein O, Hattar K, Abdeljawad F (2023) Interface nucleation rate limited densification during sintering. Acta Mater 242:118448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.11844810.1016/j.actamat.2022.118448 ↗

82. Zheng Y, Zou J, Liu W, Wang W, Ji W, Fu Z (2023) High pressure sintering of fully dense tantalum carbide ceramics with limited grain growth. J Eur Ceram Soc 43:5117–5124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.04.03210.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.04.032 ↗

83. Bian JJ, Yu Q, He JJ (2017) Tape casting and characterization of Li2.08TiO3-LiF glass free LTCC for microwave applications. J Eur Ceram Soc 37:647–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.09.02210.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.09.022 ↗

84. Ge L, Li J, Zhou Z, Liu B, Xie T, Liu J, Kou H, Shi Y, Pan Y, Guo J (2015) Nd: Yag transparent ceramics fabricated by direct cold isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. Opt Mater 50:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.01610.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.016 ↗

85. Tikare V, Cawley JD (1998) Numerical simulation of grain growth in liquid phase sintered material-II. Study of isotropic grain growth. Acta Mater 46:1343–1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00268-110.1016/S1359-6454(97)00268-1 ↗

86. Li D, Chen SO, Wan Y, Shao WQ, Ge XH, Zhang YC, Cao HS (2009) Apparent sintering activation energy for densification of nanosized TiO2 ceramic powders. Mater Technol 24:105–107. https://doi.org/10.1179/175355509X38719210.1179/175355509X387192 ↗

87. Gupta A, Nisar A, Omar S, Balani K (2018) Densification kinetics of CeO2 reinforced 8 mol.% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 ceramics. JOM 70:1937–1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3001-210.1007/s11837-018-3001-2 ↗

88. Liu J, Lv X, Li J, Jiang L (2016) Pressureless sintered magnesium aluminate spinel with enhanced mechanical properties obtained by the two-step sintering method. J Alloys Compd 680:133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.19210.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.192 ↗

89. Petry N-C, Ulrich AS, Feng B, Ionescu E, Galetz MC, Lepple M (2022) Oxidation resistance of ZrB2-based monoliths using polymer-derived Si(Zr, B)CN as sintering aid. J Am Ceram Soc 105:5380–5394. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.1847310.1111/jace.18473 ↗

90. Shichalin OO, Papynov EK, Nepomnyushchaya VA, Ivanets AI, Belov AA, Dran’kov AN, Yarusova SB, Buravlev IY, Tarabanova AE, Fedorets AN, Azon SA, Kornakova ZE, Budnitskiy SY, Tananaev IG, Shi Y, Xiong Y, Wang H (2022) Hydrothermal synthesis and spark plasma sintering of nay zeolite as solid-state matrices for cesium-137 immobilization. J Eur Ceram Soc 42:3004–3014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.00710.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.007 ↗

91. Huang Y, Jiang D, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin Q, Huang Z (2014) Sintering kinetics of yag ceramics. J Rare Earths 32:416–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(14)60087-910.1016/S1002-0721(14)60087-9 ↗

92. Meinhardt J, Woyke T, Raether F, Kienzle A (2006) Measurement and simulation of the oxidation of carbon fibers and c/sic ceramic. Adv Sci Technol 45:1489–1494. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.45.148910.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.45.1489 ↗

93. Betke U, Scheffler M (2023) Effect of powder processing and sintering conditions on the microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties of reticulated zinc oxide ceramic foams. Adv Eng Inf 25:2300459. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.20230045910.1002/adem.202300459 ↗

94. Chen B, Xiao G, Yi M, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhou T, Chen Z, Xu C (2021) Structural design and toughening mechanism of laminated graphene ceramic tool materials. Ceram Int 47:32264–32275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.12110.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.121 ↗

95. Hadraba H, Chlup Z, Drdlík D, Šiška F (2020) Characterisation of mechanical and fracture behaviour of Al2O3/ZrO2/BaTio3 laminate by indentation. J Eur Ceram Soc 40:4799–4807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.04.02410.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.04.024 ↗

96. Raether FG (2009) Current state of in situ measuring methods for the control of firing processes. J Am Ceram Soc 92:146–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02683.x10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02683.x ↗

97. Cheng FH, Zhang FN, Liu YF, Guo M, Cheng CF, Hou JD, Miao Y, Gao F, Wang XM (2022) Ti4+-incorporated fluorite-structured high-entropy oxide (Ce, Hf, Y, Pr, Gd)o2−δ: optimizing preparation and CMAs corrosion behavior. J Adv Ceram 11:1801–1814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0649-410.1007/s40145-022-0649-4 ↗

98. Marakhovsky MA, Talanov MV, Marakhovskiy VA, Panich AA (2022) Holding time optimization of spark plasma sintering for PZT-based soft ceramics. Ferroelectron 591:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2022.204192610.1080/00150193.2022.2041926 ↗

99. Wu Y, Tian Y, Feng M, Qing M, Wu Y (2022) Effects of holding time on structure and the properties of spodumene/mullite composite ceramics. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 19:1300–1308. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.1400710.1111/ijac.14007 ↗

100. Chen H, Xiang H, Dai F-Z, Liu J, Zhou Y (2020) High entropy (Yb0.25Y0.25Lu0.25Er0.25)2Sio5 with strong anisotropy in thermal expansion. J Mater Sci Tech 36:134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.02210.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.022 ↗