Studying the porosity of graphite foil with different densities: pore space model and gas permeability
Source abstract
Abstract
The study is aimed to deepen the understanding of the interrelation between density, open and closed porosity as well as gas permeability of compressed graphite foils with a density ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 g·cm−3 designed especially for sealing applications. The pore structure of the graphite foil samples is experimentally measured by several complementary methods: low-temperature N2 adsorption, method of saturation with liquids (hydrostatic weighting), mercury porosimetry, and helium leak detection for gas permeability measurement. A comparative study of the porosity obtained by mercury porosimetry and by saturation with water and isopropanol, made it possible to propose a reliable express method for determining and controlling the porosity of dense graphite foil. It was found that the characteristic pore size and open porosity of graphite foil decreases with increasing its density from 0.5 to 1.8 g·cm−3 leading to a decrease in helium gas permeability of the foils. An average capillary diameter, the number of capillaries and their effective cross-sectional area was calculated on the basis of the dependence of helium gas permeability on foil density and gas pressure. The obtained data were applied for describing the pore structure of the graphite foils with low density and explanation of their low gas permeability.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Graphene research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (24)
Show source-provided references
1. Chung D (2012) Flexible graphite for gasketing, adsorption, electromagnetic interference shielding, vibration damping, electrochemical applications, and stress sensing. J Mater Eng Perform 9:161–163. https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490077034610510.1361/105994900770346105 ↗
2. Wei XH, Liu L, Zhang JX et al (2010) Mechanical, electrical, thermal performances and structure characteristics of flexible graphite sheets. J Mater Sci 45:2449–2455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4216-y10.1007/s10853-010-4216-y ↗
3. Murugan P, Nagarajan RD, Shetty BH et al (2021) Recent trends in the applications of thermally expanded graphite for energy storage and sensors – a review. Nanoscale Adv 3:6294–6309. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00109D10.1039/D1NA00109D ↗
4. Chung DDL (2016) A review of exfoliated graphite. J Mater Sci 51:554–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9284-610.1007/s10853-015-9284-6 ↗
5. Focke WW, Badenhorst H, Mhike W, Kruger HJ, Lombaard D (2014) Characterization of commercial expandable graphite fire retardants. Thermochim Acta 584:8–1610.1016/j.tca.2014.03.021 ↗
6. Dimiev AM, Ceriotti G, Behabtu N et al (2013) Direct real-time monitoring of stage transitions in graphite intercalation compounds. ACS Nano 7:2773–2780. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn400207e10.1021/nn400207e ↗
7. Dimiev AM, Shukhina K, Behabtu N et al (2019) Stage transitions in graphite intercalation compounds: role of the graphite structure. J Phys Chem C 123:19246–19253. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b0672610.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06726 ↗
8. Saidaminov MI, Maksimova NV, Zatonskih PV et al (2013) Thermal decomposition of graphite nitrate. Carbon N Y 59:337–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.02810.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.028 ↗
9. Toda H, Tsubone K, Shimizu K, Uesugi K, Takeuchi A, Suzuki Y, Nakazawa M, Aoki Y, Kobayashi M (2013) Compression and recovery micro-mechanisms in flexible graphite. Carbon 59:184–19110.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.008 ↗
10. Bouzid H (2021) A study on liquid leak rates in packing seals. Appl Sci 11:1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1104193610.3390/app11041936 ↗
11. Grine L, Bouzid H (2013) Analytical and experimental studies of liquid and gas leaks through micro and nano-porous gaskets. Mater Sci Appl 04:32–42. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2013.48A00410.4236/msa.2013.48A004 ↗
12. Bramsiepe C, Pansegrau L, Schembecker G (2010) A model to predict fugitive VOC emissions from liquid charged flange joints with graphite gaskets. Chem Eng J 159(1–3):11–1610.1016/j.cej.2010.02.014 ↗
13. Efimova EA, Syrtsova DA, Teplyakov VV (2017) Gas permeability through graphite foil: The influence of physical density, membrane orientation and temperature. Sep Purif Technol 179:467–47410.1016/j.seppur.2017.02.023 ↗
14. Krzesińska M, Lachowski A (2004) Elastic properties of monolithic porous blocks of compressed expanded graphite related to their specific surface area and pore diameter. Mater Chem Phys 86:105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.01510.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.015 ↗
15. Balima F, Pischedda V, Le Floch S et al (2013) An in situ small angle neutron scattering study of expanded graphite under a uniaxial stress. Carbon N Y 57:460–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.01910.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.019 ↗
16. Balima F, Le Floch S, San-Miguel A et al (2014) Shear effects on expanded graphite under uniaxial pressure: an in situ small angle neutron scattering study. Carbon N Y 74:54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.00210.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.002 ↗
17. Celzard A, Marêché J-F (2001) Permeability and formation factor in compressed expanded graphite. J Phys Condens Matter 13:4387. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/20/30210.1088/0953-8984/13/20/302 ↗
18. Celzard A, Marêché J-F, Furdin G (2005) Modeling of exfoliated graphite. Prog Mater Sci 50:93–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2004.01.00110.1016/j.pmatsci.2004.01.001 ↗
19. Ivanov AV, Manylov MS, Maksimova NV et al (2019) Effect of preparation conditions on gas permeability and sealing efficiency of graphite foil. J Mater Sci 54:4457–4469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3151-110.1007/s10853-018-3151-1 ↗
20. Ivanov AV, Maksimova NV, Manylov MS et al (2021) Gas permeability of graphite foil prepared from exfoliated graphite with different microstructures. J Mater Sci 56:4197–4211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05541-210.1007/s10853-020-05541-2 ↗
21. Dowell MB, Howard RA (1986) Tensile and compressive properties of flexible graphite foils. Carbon 24(3):311–32310.1016/0008-6223(86)90232-0 ↗
22. ASTM C-20–00. Standard test method for apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of burned refractory brick and shapes by boiling water
23. ASTM C 830–00. Standard test method for apparent porosity, liquid absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of refractory shapes by vacuum pressure
24. Chung DD (2014) Interface-derived extraordinary viscous behavior of exfoliated graphite. Carbon 68:646–65210.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.045 ↗